Saturday, April 30, 2016

GPS spectrum neighborhood threatened again by Ligado

FCC Opens GPS-Adjacent Ligado Proposal for Comment | Inside GNSS
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is officially asking for feedback on a proposal by Ligado Networks to repurpose frequencies near the GPS band for a terrestrial broadband network. The long-delayed public notice and comment period is a step in the approval process, although there is no assurance that Ligado's plan for a new wireless service — which may still cause interference to GPS receivers — will get the go-ahead.
The current proposal is similar to ones made when the firm was still called LightSquared but has a few additional elements. Of the two 10-megahertz bands closest to the GPS frequencies Ligado would formally abandon the 1545–1555 MHz downlink band, leaving it the 1526–1536 MHz band for downlinks. It would also reduce the  effective isotropically radiated power (EIRP) limit for this band from 42 dBW to 32 dBW.
Ligado has also requested that it be allowed to share the 1675.0–1680.0 MHz band now used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It already has the frequencies from 1670.0 to 1675.0 MHz. Sharing would give it a total of 10-megahertz to make up for the frequencies it is abandoning.
Uplinks would be in the bands 1627.5–1637.5 MHz and 1646.5–1656.5 MHz. A host of limits on power and out-of-band-emissions apply to the various frequency ranges. A summary of the overall proposal can be found in the appendix on page 10 of the Ligado submission to the FCC.
The deadline for filing comments and denial petitions is May 23. Oppositions are due June 6 and replies June 16. The International Bureau dockets with the relevant filings and comments are IB Docket No. 11-109 and IB Docket No. 12-340.

Air Force Wary of GPS Interference From LightSquared's Successor - Bloomberg
The Air Force command that operates U.S. military satellites remains concerned that mobile broadband service proposed by the former LightSquared Inc. will interfere with GPS signals, its top official said.
General John Hyten, head of the Air Force Space Command, voiced his wariness before a House Armed Services panel Tuesday as the company, now called Ligado Networks LLC, tries to revive prospects to become a U.S. mobile provider.


LightSquared rebrands as Ligado Networks but spectrum plans remain cloudy - FierceWireless
After emerging from bankruptcy and settling interference disputes with three GPS vendors, LightSquared is rebranding as Ligado Networks. But Ligado's precise strategy for leveraging its spectrum has yet to be determined.
LightSquared concluded nearly three years of bankruptcy protection last March after it won approval for a restructuring plan and was placed in the hands of multiple investment groups. It later forged separate agreements with Deere, Garmin and Trimble, ending long-running legal disputes over interference concerns between LightSquared's proposed service and GPS equipment.
LightSquared launched in 2010 with the goal of building a wholesale nationwide LTE network that customers could use to provide their own wireless services. It inked roughly three dozen customers before the FCC revoked its conditional license to operate in the L-band, citing unresolved concerns over interference and forcing LightSquared into bankruptcy.

On December 31, 2015, New LightSquared (hereinafter referenced as Ligado, its new name) 1
submitted new applications to modify the ancillary terrestrial component (ATC) of its L -
band mobile -satellite service (MSS) networks (hereinafter, “Applications”), and withdrew a prior request filed in 2012. 2 In the Applications, Ligado proposes that certain additional operational restrictions, in the form of license conditions, be placed on its ATC authorization in an effort to address interference concerns that have been raised by the Global Positioning System (GPS) industry in these proceedings. 3 Ligado also proposes another license condition to address interference concerns relating specifically to the aviation sector’s use of GPS. 4 These conditions are consistent with agreements that Ligado recently has reached with three companies (Deere & Company, Garmin International, Inc., and Trimble Navigation Limited) in the GPS industry. 5 Ligado states that adoption of these license modifications and specified conditions would enable the Commission to determine that Ligado could proceed with deploying its terrestrial broadband network. 6 Through this Public Notice, we seek comment on Ligado’s Applications.

Related/Background:

Thursday, April 28, 2016

RAND - Are 6 Year Depot Intervals for Burke DDG's a Good Idea?

U.S. Navy Maintenance and Modernization Suffer Due to Budget Woes
| Defense Media Network
Extending Depot Length and Intervals for DDG-51-Class Ships: Examining the 72-Month Operational Cycle | RAND
RAND_RR1235.pdf
Could improve ship operational availability and crew effectiveness at increased maintenance cost.

Key Findings

Benefits, Costs, and Challenges Associated with a 72-Month Operational Cycle

  • Moving to a 72-month operational cycle would increase operational presence by about 7 percent, relative to a 32-month cycle.
  • A 72-month operational cycle could lead to greater cohesion among crew members, because they would stay together longer and deploy together more often.
  • Moving to a 72-month operational cycle would reduce the number of crews needed for the fleet. This could lead to manpower savings, but only if the Navy were to divest itself of these surplus crews and reduce end strength.
  • A 72-month operational cycle would lead to a substantial increase in maintenance costs, relative to the 32-month cycle. In the long term, this increase would more than offset the potential savings from reduced end strength.
  • It is unclear whether a 72-month cycle will help the Navy cope with several maintenance issues that have accrued over the years.

Recommendations

  • Before moving to a longer interval between depot maintenance, improve current maintenance planning and execution. The Navy should correct impediments to availability execution, fully document maintenance requirements for surface combatants, develop a maintenance plan for the longer cycle that increases continuous maintenance and focuses on lifecycle critical maintenance, and evaluate the effect of maintenance demands on private providers.
  • Ships entering a longer operational cycle should do so in a high state of material readiness, and this should be verified this with complete evaluations of readiness.
  • Award maintenance availabilities in a fashion that allows for sufficient time for planning the work; the surface type commander must commit funding at the time of the award.
  • Fine-tune training to fit additional deployment needs.
  • Closely manage operating tempo.Use the model described in this report to provide a fleet-wide
    examination of maintenance and operational deployments, and how best to manage the various factors that are affected.

Related/Background:

Thursday, April 14, 2016

Cloud Computing casts pall over Top IT Tech Companies - Poised For Massive Layoffs

EMC, VMware, IBM, etc.: Here Come 333,000 Layoffs in Tech, Opines Global Equities - Tech Trader Daily - Barrons.com
Boutique research house Global Equities Research’s Trip Chowdhry today opines that layoffs in the mainstream of tech companies are primed to become much worse than expected: He predicts there will be at least 333,000 layoffs in the next twelve months, in part because of developments such as cloud computing.
Chowdhry takes as his cue an article this morning by Barb Darrow over at Fortune, which claims VMware (VMW) is going to lay off 900 people, or 5% of its workforce, as part of its buyout by Dell along with VMware majority holder EMC (EMC). Darrow cites multiple unnamed sources regarding the layoffs.
That’s nothing, says Chowdhry, asserting “the above news item is very likely accurate … but over the 2016, we could see more layoffs.”
Chowdhry’s philosophical justification for such a dour view is in large part that the shift to cloud computing eliminates a lot of IT talent that has been classically devoted to “back-end” operations of IT.

10 Top Tech Companies Poised For Massive Layoffs - InformationWeek

Tech workers across the nation may witness a massive pink slip parade this year, should one Wall Street analyst's prediction of more than 260,000 tech layoffs in 2016 come true. Here's at a look at the top 10 companies on his list and why they are there.  

  1. VMware
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 10% to 15%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 1,700 to 2,500
    • VMware is a victim of the technology shift to the cloud, as its virtualization customers looked to companies like Amazon and Microsoft for their micro-service of cloud computing. In addition, noted Chowdhry, VMware also faced the problem of needing a lot of employees to manage the backend process. But as its customers shifted to the cloud, the migration from technology integration to domain-specific expertise reduced the need for large numbers of these types of workers
  2. Symantec
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 15%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 2,800
    • When Symantec announced its third-quarter results in February, it posted a 6% drop in revenue, to $909 million, and a hefty 23% plunge in net income, to $170 million. As a result, it's no surprise the security software behemoth needs to cut costs, which could mean potential layoffs.
  3. Yahoo
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 30%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 3,500
    • Embattled Yahoo also got a jump on the New Year layoffs, announcing in February that it would slice 15% of its workforce, or approximately 1,700 jobs.
  4. EMC
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 15% to 20%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 10,000 to 14,000
    • Data storage hardware giant EMC is struggling as its customers are making a technology shift from buying its storage equipment to using cloud services like Amazon Web Services and Microsoft's Azure. It's all part of its customers' move toward improving IT efficiency through the use of micro-services, like cloud computing. That shift is hurting EMC's revenues and forcing it to restructure its workforce.
  5. Cisco Systems
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 20%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 14,000
    • Cisco cut 2,200 employees in fiscal 2015 as a result of both the restructuring plan it announced in the previous year and attrition, according to its Securities and Exchange Commission filing.
  6. HP Inc.
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 30%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 14,000
    • HP is on a path to take a big chunk of the projected layoffs in Chowdhry's forecast for 2016. In its February first-quarter earnings announcement, the company announced plans to accelerate its restructuring plans.
  7. Microsoft
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 15%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 18,000
    • Some of the Microsoft layoffs that Chowdhry is expecting this year are partially coming from the company's plans to eliminate up to 7,800 positions. Those job cuts are expected to be completed by June 30 as part of its phone hardware restructuring plan, according to Microsoft's financial statement.
  8. Oracle
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 20%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 26,000
    • Oracle is yet another example of a tech titan hit by a technology shift and movement of its customers to micro-services, said Chowdhry, in sizing up Oracle's potential layoffs.
  9. Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
    • Estimated percentage of jobs to be cut this year: 30%
    • Estimated number of cut employees: 72,000
    • Hewlett Packard Enterprise noted in its most recent earnings call in March that it expected to eliminate 3,000 positions by the end of the first quarter. That is just a fraction of the approximate 30,000 job cuts it plans to make by the end of 2018, according to its filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
  10. IBM
    • Estimated Percentage Of Jobs To Be Cut This Year: 25%
    • Estimated Number of Cut Employees: 95,000
    • Big Blue is expected to take the largest swath of workers out with massive layoffs in 2016, according to Chowdhry. He points to IBM suffering from the challenges of a technology shift to the cloud, where its customers no longer need to buy as much of its hardware as in the past as they sign up for cloud services.
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