Saturday, January 31, 2015

DFC with Valor for A-10C pilots Parvin & Cavazos saved Marine Patrol

U.S. Air Force Maj. Jeremiah "Bull" Parvin,
75th Fighter Squadron
director of operations,
poses for a photo in front of his A-10C

Thunderbolt II, Jan. 28, 2015, at Moody Air Force Base, Ga.
U.S. Air Force Maj. Jeremiah ‘Bull’ Parvin,
75th Fighter Squadrondirector of operations,
gives a speech during his Distinguished Flying
Crosswith Valor Ceremony Jan. 29, 2015, at Moody
Air Force Base, Ga.Maj. Gen. H. D. Polumbo Jr.,
Ninth Air Force commander, presided over the
ceremony and presented Parvin with the DFC medal.
AF pilot recognized for heroism in combat, awarded Distinguished Flying
Cross with Valor


Brig. Gen. Scott Pleus, 56th Fighter Wing commander, pins the Air Force Combat Action Medal onto Capt. Aaron Cavazos, 61st Fighter Squadron weapons officer, Jan. 16 in Club Five Six at Luke Air Force Base. Cavazos was awarded the Air Force Combat Action Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross with Valor for his heroism while serving in Operation Enduring Freedom Oct. 28, 2008. Cavazos efforts saved the lives of six Marines that day. (U.S. Air Force photo/Senior Airman Grace Lee)



A-10 pilot earns Distinguished Flying Cross with Valor, saves 6 Marines

WARTHOG PILOT WHO SAVED SIX MARINES WITH STRAFING RUNS RECEIVES DFC | Soldier of Fortune Magazine

“The biggest reward for me in earning a second Distinguished Flying Cross was that my friends and other pilots within the squadron thought
highly enough of what we did that night to nominate us for the DFC with
Valor,” Cavazos said when he was presented with the award.


“In this case, he truly placed service before self. He risked his own
life by doing what others would not do in order to save fellow service
members’ lives. His bravery and selflessness are second-to-none. Without
his heroic actions, several Marines would have died that day. He is a
testament to the integrity, honor and valor passed down through
generations of American warfighters such as Gabreski, Risner, Olds and
many others,” Lt. Col. Michael Ebner, the Commanding Officer of the 61st
Fighter Squadron said.

DVIDS - News - DFC with Valor: A-10C pilot recognized for heroism in combat

Once overhead, they determined a Marine Special Operations Team was
being relentlessly assaulted and the enemy was closing in fast. After
nearly two hours of close-quarters combat, the team was in dire need of
support and there was no way for ground forces to reach them. There were
also a number of Marines who sustained gunshot wounds and needed
medical care.

“You get there and there’s this huge excitement and adrenaline rush that
you try to tamper down,” Parvin said. “You hear gunshots in the
background; you hear screams of urgency in their voices. You could just
tell they need help and they need it now.”

Parvin turned on the A-10C’s overt exterior lights to divert enemy fire
toward himself and away from the Marine unit. With the help of the JTAC,
he was able to distinguish the friendlies from the enemies and provide
close air support. While maneuvering in the mountainous terrain taking
heavy surface-to-air fire, Parvin destroyed multiple enemy positions –
some within 40 meters of U.S. forces. His actions gave the Marines
enough time to retreat to safety.

Friday, January 30, 2015

USMC awards JWT $770M IDIQ to help look for a few good Recruits

Defense.gov Contracts for Friday, January 30, 2015

J. Walter Thompson, Atlanta, Georgia, is being awarded a maximum amount  $770,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite quantity, cost-plus-fixed-fee, firm-fixed-price contract for recruitment and advertising support services for the Marine Corps Recruiting Command. Task order 0001 in the amount not-to-exceed $65,709,409 will be issued at time of award. Work will be performed in Atlanta, Georgia (60 percent) and Dallas, Texas (40 percent). The term for task order 0001 has an expected completion date of December 2015. The ordering period for the contract is five years. Fiscal 2015 operational and maintenance incremental funds in the amount of $60,297,382 are being obligated at time of award for task order 0001 and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Federal Business Opportunities website, with one proposal received. The United States Marine Corps Regional Contracting Office-National Capital
Region, Quantico, Virginia, is the contracting activity (M00264-15-D-0008).

Previous JWT Work for USMC 









United States Marine Corps + Toward the Sounds of Chaos - JWT Atlanta Advertising Work

Toward the Sounds of Chaos / JWT Atlanta

The Marine Corps’ newest recruitment campaign, Toward the Sounds of Chaos, is a fully integrated advertising campaign aimed at raising awareness among millennial youth. Launched with a TV spot, web video using footage shot by Marines on the front lines, a customized Facebook tab, print, banners and a cinema spot, the campaign shows how earning the title, “Marine” provides an opportunity to face down everything from traditional warfare to natural disasters that necessitate highly organized humanitarian assistance.

Marines’ Marketing Campaign Uses Chaos as a Selling Point - NYTimes.com
The new campaign will also include much information, and dramatic footage of Marines delivering humanitarian aid to nations beleaguered by war, famine or natural disaster, like Haiti, where 2,200 Marines provided medical supplies, food and security after the 2010 earthquake.
The new emphasis is partly the result of a national online survey conducted by JWT, the marketing firm, showing that many young adults consider “helping people in need, wherever they may live,” an important component of good citizenship.
“There is a subset of millennials who believe that the military is an avenue of service to others,” General Osterman said. “Not only in our nation, but also in others faced with tyranny and injustice.”
The Marine Corps has always been adept at maximizing buzz around its marketing campaigns, and this one — estimated to cost more than $3 million — was no different. The television spot leaked onto YouTube on Wednesday and then on Thursday the Marines released Web-only videos on Facebook. The first television commercial will air on ESPN during the Big 12 basketball championship game on Saturday night. 

PBS Documentary



Thursday, January 29, 2015

China's Great Leap Outward: Hard and Soft Dimensions of a Rising Power | Book

China's Great Leap Outward: Hard and Soft Dimensions of a Rising Power | Book
Blurb:
This book is one of a series of publications released by the Academy of Political Science on timely subjects of special importance in the fields of public and international affairs. China's Great Leap Outward: Hard and Soft Dimensions of a Rising Power brings together essays with material that explores China's economic and military expansion in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the core
principles and motivations that guide China's growing influence in Latin America and Africa. It will enlighten the ongoing debate over the future direction of Chinese foreign policy, both economic and military.



CHINA'S GREAT LEAP OUTWARD - Hard and Soft Dimensions of a Rising Power

ANDREW SCOBELL AND MARYLENA MANTAS, EDITORS

2014 · 200 pages

ISBN13: 978-1-884853-10-4
ISBN10: 1-884853-10-2

Paperback: $27.50 (APS Members: $22.00)

Political Science Quarterly: CHINA'S GREAT LEAP OUTWARD: Hard and Soft Dimensions of a Rising Power

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Publisher’s Preface - Demetrios James Caraley

PART I: OVERVIEW

PART II: HARD POWER

PART III: SOFT POWER

Kendall Starts 6th Gen Fighter Project to keep design teams at work

Frank Kendall.- Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
Kendall Unveils Sixth Gen Fighter Project For 2016 « Breaking Defense - Defense industry news, analysis and commentary

The Aviation Innovation Initiative is a new effort, not an agglomeration of existing DARPA programs, Kendall told me during a vote break at today’s hearing. He declined to say how much money the new initiative is getting, only calling it “significant.” I would assume that means between $150 million and $500 million or so for the first few years, given the fact they are developing airframe and engine prototypes. Developing several bleeding edge prototypes — which is what a DARPA effort like this would presumably target — could not be done for peanuts.

The main goals of this effort — aside from developing and proving technologies — is to preserve the defense industry design teams that are crucial to building aircraft (and who don’t have much work right now) reduce lead times and reduce program risk, Kendall told us.




Defense.gov News Article: Kendall: Sequestration Will Harm U.S. Military Superiority

Aerospace Innovation Initiative

Kendall also discussed a program called the Aerospace Innovation Initiative, part of the broader Defense Innovation Initiative that Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel announced last fall. The larger program seeks to streamline DoD business processes, operational concepts, training and other activities.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency initially will lead the program, which will involve the Navy and the Air Force and develop prototypes for next-generation air-dominance platforms or X-Plane experimental programs, Kendall said.

“To be competitive, the Navy and the Air Force each will have variants focused on their mission requirements. There will be a technology period leading up to development of the prototypes,” he added, and a reduction of the lead time it takes to produce next-generation capability.

“This will lead to the systems that ultimately will come after the F-35,” Kendall said.

The Next Generation’s F-35

Part of the effort is an airframe-oriented program with X-Plane prototypes, he added.

“Part of what we put under the Aerospace Innovation Initiative is a jet-engine-development program for the next generation, and competitive prototypes for next-generation propulsion,” Kendall told the panel.

Kendall said one effort designed to address economic challenges is an acquisition tool called Better Buying Power 3.0. BBP 3.0 continues core aspects of earlier versions, shifting the department’s focus toward technical excellence and innovation.
 
“It's a response to the technological superiority concerns,” the acquisition chief said

Some Related Links



Boeing concept for F/A-XX. Boeing Image
Navy's Next Fighter Likely to Feature Artificial Intelligence - USNI News


Next Generation Air Dominance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia





Sixth-generation jet fighter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Document: Pentagon Innovation Initiative Memo - USNI News

Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Protest Dance Continues as Raytheon fights to hold on to 3DELRR radar program

Raytheon Co. was awarded in October 2014 a development
contract to replace the Air Force's current TPS-75 radar, which
has been in service since the late 1960s. That award was
halted after Northrop Grumman Corp. and Lockheed Martin Corp.
filed protests. (U.S. Air Force photo/ Staff Sgt. Patrick Dixon)
Raytheon fights to hold on to $1 billion Air Force radar program - Washington Business Journal
"Raytheon filed an action … seeking to preserve the Air Force's contract award," said Raytheon spokesman Michael Nachshen. "We believe the Air Force awarded the procurement to Raytheon in a properly conducted bid process and we remain confident in our 3DELRR solution."
Raytheon (NYSE: RTN) won the $19.5 million development contract, which includes delivery of three initial defense radar systems. The value of the program is expected to grow to about $1 billion, once development moves into full-rate production, with the Air Force planning to buy 32 more radars.

Raytheon Files 3DELRR Suit Against Air Force
radarThe Air Force selected Raytheon over Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin. Both competitors quickly filed protests with the Government Accountability Office (GAO), setting off a 100-day protest period in which the GAO investigated whether the Air Force properly selected its winner.
Days before that 100-day window was to run out, the Air Force voluntarily announced it would reevaluate the contract award, a move that likely signified the service expected the GAO to side with one of the protesting companies.

USAF confirms plan to re-evaluate bids for 3DELRR contract - Airforce Technology
The US Air Force (USAF) has confirmed its plans to re-evaluate bids submitted for its next-generation 3D expeditionary long-range radar (3DELRR) contract. The USAF confirmed to Reuters that the action was being taken after receiving feedback from the GAO, and that a new round of discussions with bidders on technical evaluations and pricing analysis may take about four months.

 Previously

spendergast: NG and LockMart challenge 3DELRR to Raytheon - GAO to decide 1/29/15
spendergast: Confusing Correction for Raytheon 3DELRR Program Completion Date 

MQ-9 Reaper Block 5 - Upgrade Weapon Racks, Sensors, Controls and Crypto Data Links to UCAV level

The BRU-71/A bomb rack upgrade is part of a comprehensive
enhancement of the MQ-9 known as ‘Block 5′.
MQ-9 Reaper: The First Operational UCAV?
The MQ-9 Reaper UAV, once called “Predator B,” is somewhat similar to the famous Predator. Until you look at the tail. Or its size. Or its weapons. It’s called “Reaper” for a reason: while it packs the same surveillance gear, it’s much more of a hunter-killer design. Some have called it the first fielded Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV).
The Reaper UCAV will play a significant role in the future USAF, even though its capability set makes the MQ-9 considerably more expensive than MQ-1 Predators. Given these high-end capabilities and expenses, one may not have expected the MQ-9 to enjoy better export success than its famous cousin. Nevertheless, that’s what appears to be happening. MQ-9 operators currently include the USA and Britain, who use it in hunter-killer mode, and Italy. Several other countries are expressing interest, and the steady addition of new payloads are expanding the Reaper’s advantage over competitors…

Air Force to buy 24 late-model Reaper hunter-killer UAVs under terms of $377.4 million contract - Military & Aerospace Electronics
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, Ohio, 21 Oct. 2013. U.S. Air Force officials are buying 24 MQ-9 Block 5 Reaper armed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from manufacturer General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. in Poway, Calif., under terms of a $377.4 million contract announced Friday.

GA-ASI Introduces System-wide Enhancements for Predator B/MQ-9

MQ9 Reaper Enhances Capabilities with new ‘Block I Plus’ Configuration | Defense Update:
New communications capabilities will be available in the Block 5, including dual ARC-210 VHF/UHF radios with wingtip antennas, allowing for simultaneous communications between multiple air-to-air and air-to-ground parties; secure data links; and an increased data transmission capacity.
Additionally, the new trailing arm main landing gear will be included in Block 5, enabling the aircraft to carry heavier payloads or additional fuel. This “heavy-weight” landing gear increases the aircraft’s landing weight capacity by 30 percent and its gross takeoff weight by approximately 12 percent, from 10,500 lb to 11,700 lb. (from 4,762 to 5,307 kg). The new landing gear will also be available as a field retrofit to operational Predator B systems.

2013 mq9 reaper uas.pdf
The MQ-9 RPA carries AGM-114, Hellfire II anti-armor precision laser-guided missiles and GBU-12, 500-pound laser guided bombs. The Air Force is using an evolutionary acquisition approach for meeting Increment One Capability Production Document (CPD) requirements, with Block 1 and Block 5 RPAs and Block 15 and Block 30 GCSs. The Air Force is currently fielding the Block 1 RPA and the Block 15 GCS. The Air Force designed the Block 5 RPA to incorporate
  • improved main landing gear,
  • an upgraded electrical system with more power,
  • an additional ARC-210 radio,
  • encrypted datalinks,
  • a redesigned  avionics bay and
  • digital electronic engine control system,
  • the BRU-71 bomb rack,
  • high-definition video, and
  • upgraded software to allow the two-person aircrew to operate all onboard systems.

The Air Force intends to fulfill the MQ-9 Increment One CPD requirements with a final UAS configuration consisting of the Block 5 RPA, Block 30 GCS, and OFP 904.6. AFOTEC will conduct formal operational testing of the final MQ-9 Increment One UAS. This operational testing will assess Increment One UAS effectiveness, suitability, mission capabilities, and satisfaction of CPD key performance parameters.

AFSOC demonstrated the successful transmission of encrypted, high-definition full motion video from the RPA to remote video terminal-equipped ground units in support of urgent AFSOC capabilities needs. AFOTEC will conduct formal evaluation of full motion video transmission during FOT&E of the MQ-9 Increment One system.

As has been the case since FY11, Information Assurance (IA) vulnerabilities and deficiencies are not well characterized because the Air Force has only completed limited IA testing on the MQ-9 system. Currently, the system is operating under an Interim Authority to Test, pending full system IA testing.
 
Pneumatic Bomb Racks for the Reaper | Defense Update:
The BRU-71/A bomb rack upgrade is part of a comprehensive enhancement of the MQ-9 known as ‘Block 5′. The upgrade package includes the incorporation of improved main landing gear, an upgraded electrical system with more power, an additional ARC-210 radio, encrypted datalinks, redesigned avionics bay and digital electronic engine control system, high-definition video support, and upgraded software. A Block 5 Reaper is expected to enter flight testing in 2014.





y

16 classic source codes now open

16 classic apps whose source code is now open | InfoWorld

  1. Microsoft BASIC for 6502 - You can download the source code for Microsoft BASIC for 6502 from Pagetable.
  2. Xerox Alto OS and utilities - You can download Alto source code from the Computer History Museum’s website.. 
  3. CP/M OS - You can download the source code for four different early versions of the CP/M OS from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  4. MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0 - You can download the source code for MS-DOS 1.1 and 2.0 from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  5. Apollo Guidance Computer software - You can download the AGC source code (and a virtual AGC simulator) from the Google Code website.
  6. Word for Windows 1.1a - You can download the source code for Word for Windows 1.1a from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  7. Wolfenstein 3D - You can download the source code for Wolfenstein 3D from GitHub.
  8. IBM's APLð - You can download the source code for APLð from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  9. Atari 7800 ProSystem OS and games - You can download the source code for the 7800 operating system and a number of games from the Atari Museum website.
  10. Apple DOS 3.1 - You can download the source code for Apple DOS 3.1 from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  11. Prince of Persia - You can download the Apple II source code for Prince of Persia from GitHub.
  12. Adobe Photoshop 1.0.1 - You can download the source code for Adobe Photoshop 1.0.1 from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  13. SimCity - You can download the source code for SimCity/Micropolis from Hopkins’s website.
  14. MacPaint 1.3 - You can download the source code for MacPaint 1.3 from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  15. QuickDraw - You can download the source code for QuickDraw from the Computer History Museum’s website.
  16. Microsoft Visual Basic and C# - You can download the source code for Microsoft’s C# and Visual Basic compilers from the Roslyn website.
Primary Sources include:









Tuesday, January 27, 2015

Building a User-Friendly, Secure Clinical Mobile Workspace: Infoworld Webcast

Building a User-Friendly, Secure Clinical Mobile Workspace: Infoworld Webcast
In this webinar, hear how Southcoast Health System designed an integrated platform leveraging virtual desktop infrastructure and application virtualization to deliver its integrated EMR system plus a multitude of other critical applications as well as an enterprise mobility management solution to support their bring-your-own-device policies. Learn how Southcoast is able to increase user productivity, deliver faster implementations, maximize utilization of their IT teams, and provide apps, data and IT services to different users across multiple locations without physically touching desktops and mobile devices.

In addition, gain insight into how this new infrastructure protects against data leakage and controls the influx of new mobile devices by providing physicians and executives with simplified, anytime, anywhere access into a secure personal workspace.

By attending this event, participants will learn how to:
  • -Bolster the business case for desktop and app virtualization, enterprise mobility management and cloud network platform
  • -Embrace mobile devices and apps while maintaining security and control
  • -Increase system usage by taking a clinician-centered approach
  • -Build an agile infrastructure to support future organizational growth



Healthcare IT Solutions - Southcoast Health System - Citrix Customer Success - Case study - Citrix
Reaching its goals began with a decision to replace best-of-breed applications with a rich, integrated electronic medical record (EMR) solution from Epic. Now physicians and nurses can seamlessly access and view the same patient data as they move among facilities. “Whether physicians log in from the office or the hospital, they employ the same user ID to access Epic,” says Mark Lacombe, director of information technology at Southcoast. “Practitioners see the same patient information, whether a patient is in the hospital or has been discharged to our visiting nurses service.”
Southcoast also decided to give clinicians access from their device of choice. Yet with so many personal mobile devices and the diverse laptops and PCs owned by the health system, Southcoast needed an integrated platform that met both the ease-of-use requirements of clinicians and the security mandates of the business. “We have roughly 6,000 PCs and 800 laptops in the network,” says Lacombe. “Pushing data out to mobile devices without compromising security was a big concern.”

Clinical Mobility Forum Launches At mHealth Summit To Show How Leading Hospitals And Health Systems Are Adapting And Thriving With Mobile Technologies Summit Features Two Days of Focused Sessions, Keynotes and Special Events for Healthcare Providers - WorldNews

PocketJ connects Homeland air defense regional AOC to TADIL J Networks

Hanscom 'pockets' the U.S. to improve homeland defense
Pocket J nodes were fielded across the continental United States, establishing direct communication paths for tactical data link messages between airborne tactical aircraft, such as fighters and command and control platforms, and the regional Air Operations Centers.



"The reason it is called 'Pocket J' is because the system establishes 'pockets' of data link messages within the United States to allow for that tactical messaging capability," said David Minior, a Pocket J program manager.The data link technology allows pilots to see, via visual representation, tracks of interest. In addition to providing this near-real time picture, pilots can use it to track and pursue potential threats. Having the digital data link decreases time and the potential for human error.

"Previously, pilots would have to rely on voice information and direction," Minior said. "Pocket J ensures all operators now see the same air picture - at the same time."

Pocket J was fielded in two separate production runs, so some nodes have been operational for years while others were just recently completed in December 2014. The first production Pocket J increment was produced and fielded by Ultra Electronics ProLogic, while later production and fielding of an updated Pocket J was accomplished by Booz Allen Hamilton Engineering Services.

PocketJ - Ultra Electronics, ProLogic
The Pocket J application integrates off-the-shelf Link 16 equipment
with developed technology to produce Deployable Elements (DEs) which can then be remotely operated to exchange data with Fixed Elements (FE) via SATCOM, secure land line, or SIPRNET.

The technology, interoperable with emerging Battle Command System (BCS) technology and the Missile Defense Agency’s JADE visualization tool, expands the communicative capacity for NORAD air defense sectors, by providing them with deployable capability to establish tactical data links between the NORAD radar and control centers and the Combat Air Patrol (CAP) aircraft. By creating these data links, the Pocket J application allows NORAD to utilize Link 16 technology to facilitate time-critical Command and Control of CAP aircraft through remotely controlled deployed Link 16 elements. The Pocket J application, fully web-enabled and IPV6 capable, is currently in use in over 30 cities nationwide and has become a critical component of homeland defense objectives.

0207434F Link 16 Support and Sustainment 0207434F.pdf
Gateway systems enable combat forces to exchange information quickly and accurately by bridging discrete airborne, terrestrial, and/or space-based C4ISR networks to produce operational effects not possible within individual networks. The AF continues to enhance the interoperability and capabilities of fielded gateways such as the
  • Joint Air Defense System Integrator (JADSI), 
  • Joint Range Extension (JRE) functionality, 
  • Pocket J, and 
  • Roll-On Beyond-line-of-sight Enhancement (ROBE). 
The Objective Gateway (OG) program is developing a family of advanced gateway capabilities to enable a transition from legacy gateways with niche requirements and narrow user-sets. OG will be modular and scalable, with internet protocol (IP)-based networking capabilities that service theater-wide operational and tactical users. The OG program also includes an Interim OG, which is an initial, incremental deployment of gateway capability through rapid transition of Air Force and joint technology demonstrations/prototypes and off the shelf hardware and software applications. Common Link Integration Processing (CLIP) is an Air Force/Navy program to develop a common, reusable, configurable, and extensible tactical data link message processing solution for airborne maritime, and fixed-site systems.

Monday, January 26, 2015

Critical Rare Earths, National Security, and U.S.-China Interactions

Rare earth metals and salts. The left-most metal disc is cast dysprosium metal,
resting on a sheet of sublimated dysprosium. The other metal disc is scandium
and the metal cylinder is gadolinium.
China angers the world as battle for rare earth metals escalates - Telegraph
Last week, the EU, US and Japan formally asked the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to look at China’s export restriction on rare earth metals. Lawyers believe the case will run and run.

RAND Analyst David L. An has an approach

Critical Rare Earths, National Security, and U.S.-China Interactions: A Portfolio Approach to Dysprosium Policy Design | RAND
In recent decades, China has become the world's principal source of rare earths extraction, processing, and manufacturing of its derivative goods. China's monopoly is partly a result of its rich geological endowment, particularly of the "heavy" rare earths that are increasingly valuable in green energy and military technology applications. The country's rapid industry consolidation, however, has been abetted by unfair policies such as export restrictions that subsidized domestic producers. Furthermore, Beijing has indicated a tight-fisted disposition, intent on reserving its rare earths for domestic consumers and preferring that trade partners "find their own sources."

This dissertation examines how the U.S. can pursue a portfolio of policies to reduce American vulnerability to the supply disruption of one critical heavy rare earth, dysprosium. [from the Greek ‘dysprositos’ meaning ‘hard to obtain.’] Intended primary for U.S. policy makers, the study first provides a consolidated narrative of the interplay of politics, economics, and geology of rare earths in general and dysprosium in particular. It then systematically evaluates the effectiveness and costs of a roster of new and incumbent policies.

A new strategic planning framework leverages mixed-integer linear programming to concoct policy portfolios that maximize U.S. resiliency to dysprosium supply disruptions at given budget levels. This enables a trade-off analysis comparing the portfolios' vulnerability reduction effectiveness against their costs. This analysis culminates with a recommendation of the portfolio that balances fiscal feasibility with acceptable vulnerability reduction. The hope is that the method and research findings will also serve as a generalizable template for mitigating the criticality of other vulnerable rare earths and materials.

Dysprosium, the Most Critical Rare Earth

This study heavily relies on the critical materials framework established by NRC (2008) and Bauer et al. (2011) which introduced the criticality matrix. According to this matrix, the more important a material is to society and the more risk there is of a supply disruption for that material, the more critical or vulnerable the material. Dysprosium ranks high in both dimensions (Bauer et al. 2011). Criticality is manifested in part by shortfalls, the difference between available supply and demand. A range of potential shortfalls is possible in the decades ahead. In the best case, the shortfalls will be limited if demand requirements are stable and supply capacities grow steadily outside of China. In the hypotheticalworst case, however, the shortfall can be very acute.

Uses - Magnets, Lamps, Reactor Rods


Dysprosium’s main use is in alloys for neodymium-based magnets. This is because it is resistant to demagnetisation at high temperatures. This property is important for magnets used in motors or generators. These magnets are used in wind turbines and electrical vehicles, so demand for dysprosium is growing rapidly.

Dysprosium iodide is used in halide discharge lamps. The salt enables the lamps to give out a very intense white light.

A dysprosium oxide-nickel cermet (a composite material of ceramic and metal) is used in nuclear reactor control rods. It readily absorbs neutrons, and does not swell or contract when bombarded with neutrons for long periods. 

Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain - R41347.pdf

China Dysprosium, China Dysprosium Manufacturers and Suppliers on Alibaba.com

China has paid the price for rare earth dominance

China Tries to Clean Up Toxic Legacy of Its Rare Earth Riches - NYTimes.com
TIANJIN, China — In northern China, near the Mongolian border, radioactively contaminated leaks from two decades of rare earth refining have been slowly trickling underground toward the Yellow River, a crucial water source for 150 million people.

Alternative Suppliers May Arise

Northern Minerals on path to becoming a leading dysprosium producer by 2016 | InvestorIntel
The PFS confirms that, says Northern, Browns Range could be “the first significant world producer of high value dysprosium outside of China.” Northern says production could begin as early as the latter half of 2016. This means that the Browns Range project offers excellent economics because, apart from the presence of dysprosium (which commands premium prices), the PFS was based on “a conventional mining operation involving both open cut and underground operations, and a relatively simple processing flow-sheet with all infrastructure located on site”. The PFS also identified a base production of 279 MT of dysprosium per year and a total of 3,200 MT of mixed rare earth oxides. Such is the concentration of ‘heavies’ in the mix that Northern could survive on the production of dysprosium alone. Northern also noted that it has faced little difficulty in extracting the xenotime (the mineral containing the rare earths) from the host rock. Having completed the feasibility study, therefore, Northern has also maintained a degree of financial ‘independence’, managing to keep control of funding mechanisms as it moves to secure the capital to bring the project to production stage. The current resource estimate for the Browns Range project now stands at 4.13-million tons of at 0.68% (or 28,084 tons TREO).

Due to the global economic downturn, the rare earths market was marked by lower demand in the past two years, resulting in a price consolidation and a determined effort by the Chinese government to cut down on price distorting mechanisms as ‘black market’ rare earths trading. China’s rare earth policy has also established the increasing buildup of strategic reserves by the Chinese government including terbium oxide, neodymium, gadolinium, dysprosium and praseodymium. 
The PFS confirms that, says Northern, Browns Range could be “the first significant world producer of high value dysprosium outside of China.” Northern says production could begin as early as the latter half of 2016. This means that the Browns Range project offers excellent economics because, apart from the presence of dysprosium (which commands premium prices), the PFS was based on “a conventional mining operation involving both open cut and underground operations, and a relatively simple processing flow-sheet with all infrastructure located on site”. The PFS also identified a base production of 279 MT of dysprosium per year and a total of 3,200 MT of mixed rare earth oxides. Such is the concentration of ‘heavies’ in the mix that Northern could survive on the production of dysprosium alone. Northern also noted that it has faced little difficulty in extracting the xenotime (the mineral containing the rare earths) from the host rock. Having completed the feasibility study, therefore, Northern has also maintained a degree of financial ‘independence’, managing to keep control of funding mechanisms as it moves to secure the capital to bring the project to production stage. The current resource estimate for the Browns Range project now stands at 4.13-million tons of at 0.68% (or 28,084 tons TREO).
Due to the global economic downturn, the rare earths market was marked by lower demand in the past two years, resulting in a price consolidation and a determined effort by the Chinese government to cut down on price distorting mechanisms as ‘black market’ rare earths trading. China’s rare earth policy has also established the increasing buildup of strategic reserves by the Chinese government including terbium oxide, neodymium, gadolinium, dysprosium and praseodymium.
- See more at: http://investorintel.com/rare-earth-intel/northern-minerals-path-becoming-leading-dysprosium-producer-2016/#sthash.X8QKX4UM.dpuf

JSF F-35 Has Some Test Success, Problems Persist - DoD continues, USMC real soon

F-35 makes Miramar Air Show debu

F-35 is a flying stealthy computer requiring sophisticated software to be effective.

More questions about F-35 performance | Ottawa Citizen
Report cites continuing software deficiencies in F-35 | The Star Telegram
Flawed software will hobble the first of Lockheed Martin’s F-35 fighters to be called combat-ready, limiting the plane’s ability to drop bombs, share data with other aircraft and track enemy radar, Tony Capaccio of Bloomberg news service writes.
He noted that finding is from the Defense Department’s chief weapons tester found.
The U.S. Marine Corps plans to declare its version of the F-35 (different from the version Canada hopes to buy) ready for limited combat as soon as July, according to the Bloomberg report.
Block 2B is first weapon capable sytem

In the Trenches with the F-35 - The American Interest
It takes a lot of money to keep the expensive, delay-ridden F-35 program running. Advocates of the plane, the most expensive program in U.S. military procurement history, argue that it will render all sorts of other systems obsolete because the F-35 can do it all; hence, programs like the [less expensive, proven on the battlefield] A-10 “Warthog” can be cut and their funding diverted to the jet.
But it’s far from certain that the F-35 will be as good as promised. Experts are raising doubts about virtually all of its key features:
  • its stealthiness, 
  • its agility in dogfights, 
  • its speed, 
  • its maximum payload, and, troublingly, 
  • its ability to fly close air support missions that save the lives of soldiers on the ground—the sort of missions that, for example, the current U.S. campaign against ISIS is based around.


F-35 tests demonstrate Interoperability, Close Air Support | Defense Update:
Developmental testing of the Block 2B software is expected to be complete in February 2015, earlier than the DOT&E predicted in its 2013 report (May to November 2015). Moreover, the consolidation of test points from earlier blocks into 2B testing has accelerated the process, eliminating 840 test points, equivalent to four months of testing.

The review highlight concern about the ability of the aircraft to identify hostile radars, creating ‘significant operational risk to fielded unit’ the report stated that the necessary software updates will not be available until November 2015.
Other concerns are with the aircraft unique ‘Distributed Aperture System’ (DAS), providing the pilot a panoramic view of the aircraft surroundings and automatic threat warning and identification. The report said DAS still “exhibit high false-alarm rates and false target tracks, and poor stability performance, even in later versions of software.”


F-35Bs at the 2014 Miramar Air Show from SldInfo.com on Vimeo.


Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 121 (VMFA-121) at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Yuma - is expected to be the first Marine Corps F-35 unit declared 'operationally ready' by the end of July 2015. Photo: Lockheed Martin.Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 121 (VMFA-121) at Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Yuma – is expected to be the first Marine Corps F-35 unit declared ‘operationally ready’ by the end of July 2015. Photo: Lockheed Martin.

The F-35 Just Hit Another Snag - Business Insider
Despite the latest software flaws discovered in the F-35, Lockheed Martin spokesman Mark Johnson told Bloomberg that "2014 was a year of great momentum for the [joint strike fighter] program on all fronts.”
The Marine Corps plans on announcing that the F-35B, the F-35 variant developed for the Marines, will be ready for combat operations by July. The F-35C model for the Navy is expected to be declared combat-ready by the end of the decade. 
However, the F-35A variant that was developed for the Air Force and US allies has also run into software problems. In December 2014 it was announced that the because of software issues, the plane would not be able to fire its onboard cannon until 2019. 


SNAFU!: F-35 News. They program office has lost control of the message.

 On that last point, the F-35 team itself seems to agree, because an explosive report this week disclosed that it has been fudging the plane’s performance numbers to bolster the case for more appropriations funding.

When will there be a Gatling Gun for CAS

A Tale of Two Gatling Guns: F-35 vs. A-10 | Defense Tech
“There will be no gun until [the Joint Strike Fighter’s Block] 3F [software], there is no software to support it now or for the next four-ish years,” said one Air Force official affiliated with the F-35 program. “Block 3F is slated for release in 2019, but who knows how much that will slip?”
The F-35, in its full configuration with the Block 3F software, is designed to carry a suite of internal and external weapons, including the GPS-guided Joint Direct Attack Munition, laser-guided Paveway II bomb, Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile and infrared Sidewinder missile. The [F-35] GAU-22/A is lighter and more accurate than its predecessor, but with a reduced rate of fire of 3,300 rounds per minute. At that rate, the F-35 would be out of ammunition in about four seconds, or one or two bursts of fire.
By comparison, the 30mm, seven-barrel GAU-8/A Avenger in the nose of the venerable Warthog attack aircraft can hold as many as 1,174 rounds. It’s configured to fire at a fixed rate of fire of 3,900 rounds per minute.

Computer glitch prevents US’ most advanced F-35 fighter jet from firing until 2019 – report — RT USA

Computer glitch prevents US’ most advanced F-35 fighter jet from firing until 2019 – report | Aviation & Air Force News at DefenceTalk

F-35 program office defends gun and sensor - 1/7/2015 - Flight Global
Two critical close air support systems – a 25mm cannon and an electro-optical targeting system (EOTS) – will be available on the Lockheed Martin F-35 by 2017 and will meet expectations, say programme officials on 7 January.
The F-35 joint programme office (JPO) defended both systems against what it calls “nameless/sourceless/baseless reporting” in recent weeks, but acknowledged one new development problem for the gun and some operational limitations for the Lockheed-built EOTS sensor.
Contrary to a report that the General Dynamics GAU-22 gun is unable to be fired until 2019, the JPO says it will be delivered when the Block 3F software becomes operational. That delivery date is now scheduled in Fiscal 2017 with aircraft built in the ninth lot of low-rate initial production (LRIP-9).
The JPO says that operators accepted that timeline for the cannon system in 2005. However, in 2005, the Block 3F software was supposed to be first installed on LRIP-5 aircraft delivered in 2013. Software development was subsequently delayed by four years.

China has the F-35 Design (Maybe?)

U.S. Pilots Say New Chinese Stealth Fighter Could Become Equal
of F-22, F-35 - USNI News
Next Big Future: Confirmation that China stole F35, F22 and B2 stealth bomber secrets as early as 2007

China stole Joint Strike Fighter jet designs: NSA document leak
New leaks from former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden show China stole the designs for American-built F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.
In a large top-secret document dump, provided by Snowden to German magazine Der Spiegel, the extent of the ongoing international cyber warfare between the U.S., its allies and the rest of the world has been outlined.

According to Fairfax Media, one of the confidential documents within the latest leak show Chinese spies stole "terabytes" of design and military information relating to the F-35, also known as the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. The information was used to assist in the design of China's Chengdu J-20 and the Shenyang J-31 stealth fighter jets, as long suspected by the west. 

According to a top secret NSA presentation, Chinese cyber spies have stolen huge volumes of sensitive military information, including "many terabytes of data" relating to the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) - also known as the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. 

China Calls Snowden's Accusations It Stole F-35 Plans 'Groundless' | Military.com

BEIJING -- China dismissed accusations it stole F-35 stealth fighter plans as groundless on Monday, after documents leaked by former U.S. intelligence contractor Edward Snowden on a cyber attack were published by a German magazine.
The Pentagon has previously acknowledged that hackers had targeted sensitive data for defense programs such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, but stopped short of publicly blaming China for the F-35 breach. The Pentagon and the jet's builder, Lockheed Martin Corp., had said no classified information was taken during the cyber intrusion.

F-35 Lightning II Flight Test Update 14 | Code One Magazine
The previous F-35 Flight Test Update concluded with F-35A test aircraft AF-3 completing 500 flight hours on 18 March 2013, making AF-3 the second mission systems test Lightning II to reach this milestone. This fourteenth installment in the series of F-35 flight testing reviews presents a large variety of additional milestones for the F-35 test fleet from a monthly flight record for the F-35 CATBird in March to the completion of the initial carrier trials for the F-35C in November.

Previously

Friday, January 23, 2015

USAF flies R2-D2 RCP in T-38 for GPS denied environment range test

96th Test Group brings 'R2-D2' to life

1/20/2015 - HOLLOMAN AIR FORCE BASE, N.M. -- Remotely
tucked away in the high desert of southern New Mexico, the 96th Test Group at Holloman AFB provides some of the most sophisticated military
testing in the world.
The 96th Test Group is a United States Air Force unit, based at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. It is a Geographically Separated Unit (GSU), assigned to the 96th Test Wing, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.



The Test Group's function is to operate test facilities for high
speed sled track testing, navigation and guidance system testing, radar
signature measurements, weapon systems flight testing, and Air Force
Liaison for all AF programs tested at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR).


The Group consists of 90 authorized military, 239 authorized
civilians, and 161 authorized contractor personnel with two-thirds of
these being scientists, engineers, and technicians.

Test Group Develops RCP UHARS rack to ride in back seat of T-38
Often, their innovations and technological
pursuits can conjure images seen in science fiction films or novels. The
group's latest project, dubbed affectionately as 'R2-D2', is no
exception.

A Rear Cockpit Pallet is mounted in the back of a T-38 Talon at Holloman
Air Force Base, N.M., Jan. 13. The project to build the RCP began from a
need to design a platform that could serve to perform high dynamic
testing of new GPS technology inside the 56 year-old T-38 Talon.  




Parts of the test group is the 586th Flight Test Squadron Provides deployable operational support for test aircraft staging
out of Holloman AFB. The squadron flight tests guidance systems, laser
systems, air-to-air/air-to-ground systems, long-range and standoff
weapons, live warheads, and provides target and photo/safety chase. It
operates four highly modified T-38C and one C-12J aircraft equipped to
support a wide variety of flight test operations. Another part is the 746th Test Squadron, also known as the Central Inertial and GPS Test Facility (CIGTF), is
the DoD's designated lead test organization chartered to test and
evaluate Global Positioning System (GPS) user equipment (UE) and
integrated GPS based guidance and navigation systems. To this end, the
746 TS manages the tri-service GPS Test Center of Expertise (COE)
composed of Army, Navy, and Air Force test agencies chartered to support
GPS test and evaluation initiatives. In addition, CIGTF's inclusive
ground, field, and flight-testing capabilities offer the customer a
means to evaluate their guidance and navigation systems.



Truth on the Range | Inside GNSS 

When is close, close enough? That depends. If you’re
referring to a friendly game of horseshoes the
Typical UHARS Rack
answer could be several
feet. However if you’re referring to the United States Air Force’s
new-generation “gold standard” for GPS test capability — the Ultra High
Accuracy Reference System — the answer is mere centimeters. This article
describes the operational requirements, design, installation, and
demonstration testing of the non-GPS–based positioning system (NGBPS)
subsystem of the UHARS for the Central Inertial and GPS Test Facility. 
 


The UHARS Non-GPS Based Positioning System,

ION-2012_NGBPS-Paper-Final-from-USAF.pdf

The Ultra High Accuracy Reference System (UHARS) is the 746th Test Squadron’s next generation reference system, currently under development to meet test and evaluation reference requirements for future navigation and guidance systems. Consisting of a rack mounted, tightly integrated system of navigation sensors/subsystems, data acquisition system, and a post-mission reference trajectory algorithm, UHARS will provide a highly accurate reference solution for airborne and land - based test vehicles in electronic warfare environments where modernized and legacy GPS signals are jammed from friendly or hostile systems. The syste m will be appropriately sized and constructed for use on - board multiple test - beds including current and future test aircraft and ground vehicles  

The UHARS is the USAF’s next generation “truth” reference system, currently under development by the 746th Test Squadron at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. The 746th Test Squadron is the Central Inertial and GPS Test Facility (CIGTF), chartered to provide test and evaluation of DoD guidance, navigation and navigation warfare (NAVWAR) systems for the United States Department of Defense. The UHARS, designed to meet the increasingly accurate reference requirements for future navigation and guidance systems, is expected to provide improved position and velocity accuracies up to 5 x better than the current truth system. This current truth is called the CIGTF Reference System (CRS) and has provided reference in support of a plethora of high - accuracy navigation tests over the last decade. It is arguably the most accurate reference system available for testing today, but with forecasted advances in navigation technologies on the immediate horizon, soon CRS will no longer be accurate enough to serve as truth against increasingly precise systems under test

 Other Links

Previously

Thursday, January 22, 2015

Prostate Cancer salvage therapy - radiation - where, when and how much - role of ADT or imuno

Cancer is Back -What to do?

Best strategy depends on your numbers. The MSK tool provides some guidance:

Prostate Cancer: Salvage Radiation Therapy | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Our salvage radiation therapy nomogram predicts whether a recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy can be treated successfully with salvage radiation therapy (external-beam radiation given after the prostate cancer returns). It calculates the probability that the cancer will be controlled and PSA level undetectable six years after salvage therapy. You can use this nomogram for applicable results if your post-radical prostatectomy serum PSA level was at first undetectable (less than 0.05 ng/mL) and then rose steadily, indicating a recurrence. more…
Results produced by this tool are based on studies conducted at large research institutions with physicians who perform a high volume of prostate cancer procedures. All results must be understood in the context of each patient’s specific treatment plan. Patients and caregivers using this tool should discuss the result with the patient’s physician.
Predicting the Outcome of Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy

Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - National Cancer Institute

Where is it? Where to fire radiation? 

After primary treatment for Prostate Cancer, rising PSA tells you it's come back, but in order to kill the cancer cells with minimal collateral damage, it would be good to know where they are instead of firing blind.

DCE-MRI

Example of a patient classified as true positive.
A contrast enhancing lesion was detected on pre-RT DCE-MRI
(a) (arrowhead), with completely morphologic
response on the post-RT DCE-MRI (b).
Radiation Oncology | Full text | Detection of local recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy in terms of salvage radiotherapy using dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI without endorectal coil

DCE-MRI without endorectal coil may detect local recurrent PC at low PSA levels with acceptable accuracy. All false negative DCE-MRI scans were detected using a PSA cut-off of ≥0.54 ng/mL. This image modality may therefore be considered in radiation oncology as a tool to more accurately define the gross tumor volume to increase the efficacy of salvage radiation treatment and to decrease radiation side effects.

C11-Acetate/Choline PET/CT

 PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using 11C-Acetate
Biochemical evidence of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy or radiation treatment, frequently defined as a serum PSA level of 0.2 ng/ml, precedes the clinical manifestations of recurrent disease. Once metastatic disease develops the prognosis is poor with an overall patient survival of 5 years 35. In patients with locally recurrent disease salvage radiation therapy can improve patient survival 6. The main diagnostic challenge is therefore to detect and localize early cancer recurrence. Several studies evaluated the relationship between serum PSA levels and detection of prostate cancer recurrence with 11C-acetate PET. In one study of 25 patients, the degree of 11C-acetate uptake (SUV) correlated with serum PSA levels 36.
In an early trial 37 of patients with suspected recurrence (based on serum PSA measurements) trans-rectal ultrasound followed by biopsy served as gold standard for 11C-acetate imaging findings. PET was true positive for disease recurrence in 15/18 patients with biopsy proven recurrence and true negative in all 13 patients without recurrent disease (sensitivity and specificity of 83 and 100%, respectively). In this study PET was positive in 4 of 5 patients with biopsy proven cancers and serum PSA levels of <2 ml.="" ng="" p="">

In summary recurrent prostate cancer can be detected with 11C-acetate but since detectability appears to be correlated with serum PSA levels, detectability is limited in patients with serum PSA levels below 3 ng/ml.

The Utility of C-11 Choline PET/CT for Prostate Cancer: Improving Detection of Locoregional and Metastatic Disease | Genitourinary Cancers Symposium
The potential utility of C-11 choline PET/CT for localizing prostate cancer has been demonstrated in multiple studies. Currently there is no other FDA-approved imaging option with comparable sensitivity and specificity, but future studies will help to further define its main applications and refine patient selection.



 

How Much and How Long? 

Ok, you know where it is. How many Grays of Radiation over how many treatment times is needed to be effective with limited damage. Can you tie imagery into the radiation plan to stay on target.

Radiation Oncology |Full text | Dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in high risk prostate cancer patients without hormone therapy: outcome, prognostic factors and late toxicity
Dose-escalated SRT achieves high biochemical control. The data strongly support the application of at least 70 Gy rather than 66 Gy. They do not prove positive effects of doses >70 Gy but do not disprove them as these doses were only applied to an unfavorable patients selection.

Can salvage radiation therapy be safely and effectively completed in less time? | THE "NEW" PROSTATE CANCER INFOLINK
Salvage or adjuvant external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer is usually a protracted affair, more so since we learned that a total dose of about 64 Gy to 70 Gy was needed to be effective in the salvage setting. At the typical rate of 1.8 Gy to 2.0 Gy per treatment, it takes approximately 35 treatments over the course of 7 weeks to complete. This is very costly and extremely time consuming. Can it be accomplished in less time without adding side effects or rendering it less effective?
Using fewer treatments for radiation therapy is called hypofractionation. Stereotactic body radiation therapy or SBRT is on the fastest end of the hypofractionation spectrum. It is accomplished in a blazingly fast five treatments. With its pinpoint accuracy, many radiation oncologists are using it for primary treatment at doses up to 8 Gy per treatment. But that is also its drawback for salvage therapy – it may be too accurate. Because we don’t know exactly where in the prostate bed the cancer may be hiding, IMRT or 3D-CRT – radiation technologies with less abruptly ending margins – have been traditionally preferred. There has also been some concern that blasting the anastomosis (the place where the urethra has been cut and re-attached, and where most recurrences occur) with high intensity X-rays may be too much for the fragile tissue.

How do cancer cells that only absorb a sub-lethal dose of radiation get destroyed by the immune system? | THE "NEW" PROSTATE CANCER INFOLINK
A recent commentary on combined radiation and immune therapy included the following statement without further explanation: “Radiation-modified cancer cells that escaped direct annihilation become more immune-susceptible too.” This effect is known as “immune modulation” and has previously been observed in test tube and mouse studies in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells. A new study by Gameiro et al. of NCI/NIH extends the observation to the kind of cells responsible for hormone-sensitive bone metastases, and provides a biochemical mechanism for the observed effect. Because radiation alone only results in weak immune modulation, it is hoped that by understanding the precise mechanism responsible for radiation-induced killing of cancer cells by cytotoxic T cells, called “immunogenic cell death”, we can tailor therapies given along with radiation to enhance and sustain the immune modulation effect.





ADT

Cancer Cells usually grow from testosterone hormone. Do you need hormone therapy to supplement radiation, and what kind of combined side effects can you expect.