Satellite communications systems engineering : atmospheric effects, satellite link design and system performance / 2nd ed / Louis J. Ippolito

Wiley: Satellite Communications Systems Engineering: Atmospheric Effects, Satellite Link Design and System Performance, 2nd Edition - Louis J. Ippolito

Louis J. Ippolito, Jr.

ISBN: 978-1-119-25937-4

472 pages

April 2017

Satellite Systems Engineering Books

Satellite Communications Systems Engineering, Atmospheric Effects, Satellite Link Design and System Performance - Google Play

Description

This welcome Second Edition continues the basic premise and enhances the publication with the latest updated information and new technologies developed since the publication of the first edition.  The book is based on graduate level satellite communications course material and has served as the primary text for electrical engineering Masters and Doctoral level courses in satellite communications and related areas. [Courses | Electrical & Computer Engineering | The George Washington University] Introductory to advanced engineering level students in electrical, communications and wireless network courses, and electrical engineers, communications engineers, systems engineers, and wireless network engineers looking for a refresher will find this essential text invaluable.

Wiley: Satellite Communications Systems Engineering: Atmospheric Effects, Satellite Link Design and System Performance - Louis J. Ippolito

The first edition of Satellite Communications Systems Engineering (Wiley 2008) was written for those concerned with the design and performance of satellite communications systems employed in fixed point to point, broadcasting, mobile, radio navigation, data relay, computer communications, and related satellite based applications. Provides an invaluable, detailed coverage of atmospheric effects and their impact on satellite communications systems design and performance. Significant progress has been made in the understanding and modelling of propagation effects on radio wave propagation in the bands utilized for satellite communications. This book provides a comprehensive description and analysis of all atmospheric effects of concern for today’s satellite systems, and the tools necessary to design the links and to evaluate system performance.
This book will serve as an excellent reference to communications engineers, wireless network and system engineers, system designers and graduate students in satellite communications and related areas.
Key features:

• Provides the state of the art in communications satellite link design and performance from the practicing engineer perspective – concise descriptions, specific procedures and comprehensive solutions
• Contains the calculations and tools necessary for evaluating system performance
• Provides a complete evaluation of atmospheric effects, modelling and prediction
• Focuses on the satellite free-space link as the primary element in the design and performance for satellite communications, and recognizes the importance of free-space considerations such as atmospheric effects, frequency of operation and adaptive mitigation techniques
• a solutions manual is available directly from the author (lippolit@gwu.edu)

Related/Background:

• Citations of first edition: Ippolito: Satellite communications system engineering - Google Scholar
• Electrical & Computer Engring Courses Fall 2014 (Off Campus) | The George Washington University
• George Washington University ECE 6525 - Ace Recommendation Platform
• Propagation effects handbook for satellite systems design. A summary of propagation impairments on 10 to 100 GHz satellite links with techniques for system design.pdf

UC San Diego /All Collec

Satellite communications systems engineering : atmospheric effects, satellite link design and system performance / Louis J. Ippolito

Author	Ippolito, Louis J., Jr. (Louis Joseph), 1941- author
Published	Chichester, West Sussex, UK : Wiley, 2017
Edition	Second edition

Author's Previous Publications:

J. Pinder, L. J. Ippolito, S. Horan and J. Feil, "Four years of experimental results from the New Mexico ACTS propagation terminal at 20.185 and 27.505 GHz," in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 153-163, Feb 1999.
doi: 10.1109/49.748779
Abstract: The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) propagation experiment has collected four years of propagation data at 20.185 and 27.505 GHz. The objective of the experiment is to develop long-term statistics and modeling techniques for predicting atmospheric propagation effects in the Ka band. The experiment includes seven identical earth stations at different locations in North America. Each location is meant to characterize a unique rain region. This paper presents the data collected in White Sands, NM. The data from this site provide an excellent resource for validating rain attenuation models due to its unique arid climate with occasional high rain-rate storms. The seasonal and cumulative four-year attenuation statistics for the 20.2 and 27.5 GHz beacons are presented. The attenuation with respect to clear air (ACA) is compared to five different rain attenuation models and seven different frequency scaling models. The results illustrate how well each model predicts rain attenuation in a desert climate region
keywords: {electromagnetic wave absorption;fading;microwave propagation;rain;satellite communication;statistical analysis;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;20.185 GHz;27.505 GHz;4 year;ACTS propagation terminal;Advanced Communications Technology Satellite;New Mexico;North America;SHF;White Sands;arid climate;atmospheric propagation effects;beacons;clear air;cumulative four-year attenuation statistics;desert climate region;earth stations;experimental results;fade statistics;frequency scaling models;high rain-rate storms;long-term statistics;modeling techniques;propagation data;rain attenuation models;rain region;seasonal attenuation statistics;Artificial satellites;Atmospheric modeling;Attenuation;Communications technology;North America;Predictive models;Rain;Satellite ground stations;Statistics;Storms},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=748779&isnumber=16164

D. V. Rogers, L. J. Ippolito and F. Davarian, "System requirements for Ka-band Earth-satellite propagation data," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 810-820, Jun 1997.
doi: 10.1109/5.598406
Abstract: Accurate estimates of the propagation impairments that affect link quality and availability and determine signal interference fields are essential for the reliable design of telecommunication systems and the efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recent announcements by commercial entities of their intent to use Ka-band spectrum to supply satellite services have heightened interest in propagation data and models for these frequencies. This paper provides a brief overview of Ka-band Earth-satellite systems and requirements in relation to the need for specific types of propagation data
keywords: {atmospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;atmospherics;fading;microwave propagation;millimetre wave propagation;satellite communication;scintillation;EHF;Ka-band Earth-satellite propagation data;SHF;link availability;link quality;propagation impairments;signal interference fields;system requirements;Availability;Downlink;Electromagnetic propagation;Frequency selective surfaces;Interference;Military satellites;Radio spectrum management;Region 2;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite communication},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=598406&isnumber=13108

H. Helmken, R. E. Henning, J. Feil, L. J. Ippolito and C. E. Mayer, "A three-site comparison of fade-duration measurements," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 917-925, Jun 1997.
doi: 10.1109/5.598414
Abstract: Important elements in the design of Ka-band communication systems are the duration of fade and nonfade events at a particular fade depth. The choice of modulation and forward error correcting codes will depend on both the fading time dynamics and annual fade occurrence statistics. This paper examines the fade duration measured at locations in three of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) propagation experimental regions, namely, Florida (rain zone N of the radiocommunications sector of the International Telecommunications Union [ITU-R] model), New Mexico State University (ITU-R rain zone M), and Alaska (ITU-R rain zone C). Within each region, measures of the underlying uniformity are described and an interregional comparison examines the ability to scale the local results
keywords: {fading;microwave propagation;millimetre wave propagation;probability;rain;satellite communication;satellite links;statistical analysis;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;ACTS propagation experimental regions;Advanced Communications Technology Satellite;Alaska;Florida;ITU-R model;Ka-band communication systems;New Mexico State University;annual fade occurrence statistics;fade-duration measurements;fading time dynamics;interregional comparison;rain zone C;rain zone M;rain zone N;three-site comparison;Artificial satellites;Attenuation;Communications technology;Error analysis;Extraterrestrial measurements;Fading;Modulation coding;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Statistical distributions},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=598414&isnumber=13108

J. Feil, L. J. Ippolito, H. Helmken, C. E. Mayer, S. Horan and R. E. Henning, "Fade slope analysis for Alaska, Florida, and New Mexico ACTS propagation data at 20 and 27.5 GHz," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 926-935, Jun 1997.
doi: 10.1109/5.598415
Abstract: This paper analyzes fade slope for the Alaska, Florida, and New Mexico Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) propagation data at 20 and 27.5 GHz for the first two years of the experiment (December 1, 1993-November 30, 1995). The propagation experiment will continue to collect data for at least another 21 months. Fade slope is examined on a statistical basis for the three sites. The Florida and New Mexico receiver sites have very different weather characteristics but almost identical elevation angles, while the Alaska receiver terminal has an extremely low elevation angle. The cumulative statistics illustrate the relationship between fade slope, fade level, transmission frequency, and elevation angle for all three sites
keywords: {fading;microwave propagation;rain;satellite communication;satellite links;statistics;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;20 GHz;27.5 GHz;ACTS propagation data;Advanced Communications Technology Satellite;Alaska;Florida;Ka-band;New Mexico;elevation angles;fade level;fade slope analysis;statistical basis;transmission frequency;weather characteristics;Artificial satellites;Attenuation measurement;Communication switching;Communications technology;Joining processes;Microwave propagation;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite communication;Switching circuits},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=598415&isnumber=13108

J. Feil, L. Ippolito, M. Buehrer, G. Feldhake and S. Horan, "The first two years of experimental results from the New Mexico ACTS propagation terminal at 20.185 and 27.505 GHz," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1996 Digest, Baltimore, MD, USA, 1996, pp. 1868-1871 vol.3.
doi: 10.1109/APS.1996.549968
Abstract: The objective of the NASA ACTS Propagation Experiment is to develop long term statistics and prediction modeling techniques for advanced satellite system design. The ACTS satellite has two beacons which illuminate North America. The experiment has seven identical receiver terminals at different locations. Each receiver terminal has meteorological sensors, two beacon receivers (20.185 and 27.505 GHz), and two total power radiometers (20 and 27.5 GHz). This report presents the first two years' (December 1, 1993-November 30, 1995) cumulative statistics for the New Mexico ACTS Propagation Terminal (APT).
keywords: {microwave propagation;rain;satellite communication;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;20 GHz;20.185 GHz;27.5 GHz;27.505 GHz;ACTS satellite;Advanced Communications Technology Satellite;NASA;New Mexico ACTS propagation terminal;North America;advanced satellite system design;beacon receivers;experimental results;long term statistics;meteorological sensors;prediction modeling techniques;rain attenuation;receiver terminals;total power radiometers;Absorption;Artificial satellites;Attenuation;Meteorology;NASA;Ocean temperature;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite ground stations;Statistics},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=549968&isnumber=11272

L. J. Ippolito and T. A. Russell, "Propagation considerations for emerging satellite communications applications," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 923-929, Jun 1993.
doi: 10.1109/5.257689
Abstract: The effects of rain and other propagation concerns for new applications areas, currently in operation or planned for implementation by the end of this decade, are described. The areas include: VSAT systems employing low operating margins and/or low elevation angles; traditional communications applications operating with inclined geosynchronous orbits; and mobile and personal communications applications employing networks of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Prediction modeling and analysis techniques applicable to these areas are described. Analytical results for a range of operational parameters involving low-margin, low elevation angle, inclined geosynchronous, and LEO systems are presented
keywords: {radiowave propagation;rain;satellite relay systems;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;LEO systems;VSAT systems;analysis techniques;inclined geosynchronous orbits;low earth orbit;low elevation angles;low-margin;mobile systems;operational parameters;personal communications applications;prediction modelling;rain;satellite communications;Artificial satellites;Attenuation;Business communication;Degradation;Low earth orbit satellites;Predictive models;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite communication;Telephony},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=257689&isnumber=6533

L. J. Ippolito, "Propagation effects and system performance considerations for satellite communications above 10 GHz," Global Telecommunications Conference, 1990, and Exhibition. 'Communications: Connecting the Future', GLOBECOM '90., IEEE, San Diego, CA, 1990, pp. 89-91 vol.1.
doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.1990.116484
Abstract: Space communications systems operating in the bands above 10 GHz (e.g. 12 to 44 GHz) are considered. An overview of the major propagation problems associated with satellite communications is presented, and the impact of these factors on the design and performance of satellite systems is described. Gaseous attenuation, attenuation by rain, clouds, fog, snow, and ice, depolarization, radio noise, angle-of-arrival variations, bandwidth decoherence, and antenna gain degradation are discussed
keywords: {clouds;electromagnetic wave absorption;electromagnetic wave polarisation;electromagnetic wave scattering;fog;ice;radiofrequency interference;radiowave propagation;rain;satellite antennas;satellite relay systems;snow;tropospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;12 to 44 GHz;EHF;SHF;angle-of-arrival variations;antenna gain degradation;bandwidth decoherence;clouds;depolarization;fog;gaseous attenuation;ice;propagation problems;radio noise;radiowave propagation;rain;satellite communications;snow;space communications systems;system performance;Artificial satellites;Attenuation;Bandwidth;Clouds;Ice;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite communication;Snow;System performance},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=116484&isnumber=3389

L. J. Ippolito, "Introduction," in Radio Science, vol. 17, no. 06, pp. 1347-1348, Nov.-Dec. 1982.
doi: 10.1029/RS017i006p01347
Abstract: No abstract is available.
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7768097&isnumber=7768096

L. J. Ippolito, "Radio propagation for space communications systems," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 697-727, June 1981.
doi: 10.1109/PROC.1981.12049
Abstract: This paper presents a review of the most recent information on the effects of the earth's atmosphere on space communications systems. The design and reliable operation of satellite systems which provide the many applications in space and rely on the transmission of radio waves for communications and scientific purposes are dependent on the propagation characteristics of the transmission path. The presence of atmospheric gases, clouds, fog, precipitation, and turbulence cause uncontrolled variations in the signal characteristics which can result in a reduction of the quality and reliability of the transmitted information. Models and techniques used in the prediction of atmospheric effects as influenced by frequency, geography, elevation angle, and type of transmission are discussed. Recent data on performance characteristics obtained from direct measurements on satellite links operating to above 30 GHz are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of precipitation on the earth-space path, including rain attenuation, and rain and ice-particle depolarization. Sky noise, antenna gain degradation, scintillations, and bandwidth coherence are also discussed. The impact of the various propagation factors on communications system design criteria is presented. These criteria include link reliability, power margins, noise contributions, modulation and polarization factors, channel crosstalk, error-rate, and bandwidth limitations.
keywords: {Artificial satellites;Atmospheric waves;Bandwidth;Clouds;Crosstalk;Gases;Radio propagation;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Terrestrial atmosphere},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1456317&isnumber=31302

L. J. Ippolito, "ATS-6 Millimeter Wave Propagation and Communications Experiments at 20 and 30 GHz," in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-11, no. 6, pp. 1067-1083, Nov. 1975.
doi: 10.1109/TAES.1975.308158
Abstract: The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-6) Millimeter Wave Experiment, developed and implemented by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, has provided the first direct measurements of 20-and 30-GHz Earth-space links from an orbiting satellite. Studies at eleven locations in the continental United States were directed at an evaluation of rain attenuation effects, scintillations, depolarization, site diversity, coherence bandwidth, and analog and digital communications techniques In addition to direct measurements on the 20-and 30-GHz links, methods of attenuation prediction with radars, rain gauges, and radiometers were developed and compared with the directly measured attenuation. This paper presents a review of the major results of the first year of measurements with ATS-6, with emphasis on the impact of the measurements on millimeter wave space systems design.
keywords: {Attenuation measurement;Coherence;Extraterrestrial measurements;Millimeter wave measurements;Millimeter wave propagation;Millimeter wave technology;NASA;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Space technology},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4101533&isnumber=4101520

L. Ippolito, "Propagation and interference measurements with the communications technology satellite," 1973 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1973, pp. 275-277.
doi: 10.1109/APS.1973.1147104
Abstract: Not Available
keywords: {Artificial satellites;Attenuation;Communications technology;Degradation;Frequency measurement;Interference;NASA;Rain;Satellite broadcasting;Satellite ground stations},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1147104&isnumber=25844

L. J. Ippolito, "Millimeter Wave Space Communications with the ATS-F Satellite," 1973 IEEE G-MTT International Microwave Symposium, Boulder, CO, USA, 1973, pp. 193-194.
doi: 10.1109/GMTT.1973.1123146
Abstract: The first space communications system operating at millimeter wavelengths is planned for the sixth NASA Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-F), scheduled for launch in April of 1974. The ATS-F experiment is designed to provide engineering data on wideband space-to-earth transmissions at 20 GHz and 30 GHz as a function of meteorological conditions and modulation techniques. This paper describes the system design for both the spacecraft and ground station portions of the experiment and emphasizes the unique design characteristics of these relatively new and unexplored frequency bands.
keywords: {Aerospace engineering;Artificial satellites;Data engineering;Design engineering;Meteorology;Millimeter wave technology;NASA;Space technology;Space vehicles;Wideband},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1123146&isnumber=24832

L. Ippolito, "Correlation measurements of 15.3 GHz attenuation and ground rainfall rate for an earth-satellite path," 1972 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Williamsburg, VA, USA, 1972, pp. 256-259.
doi: 10.1109/APS.1972.1147011
Abstract: Not Available
keywords: {Antenna measurements;Attenuation measurement;Frequency;Length measurement;NASA;Rain;Satellites;Statistics;Storms;Time measurement},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1147011&isnumber=25842

L. J. Ippolito, "Effects of precipitation on 15.3- and 31.65-GHz earth—Space transmissions with the ATS-V satellite," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 189-205, Feb. 1971.
doi: 10.1109/PROC.1971.8124
Abstract: The increased communications demands of a rapidly expanding technology are requiring the systems designer to look to higher frequency bands to support high data rate communications links. Virtually all terrestrial and satellite communications systems presently in service operate in bands below 10 GHz. The frequency band from 10 to 300 GHz, commonly called "millimeter waves," offers the potential for relieving the overcrowded situation at the lower frequencies. The propagation characteristics of millimeter wavelength transmission are significantly different than at the longer wavelengths, however, and propagation data is required by the systems designer as a first step in evaluating the performance characteristics of operational links. The Applications Technology Satellite (ATS-V) millimeter wave propagation experiment is the first flight experiment for the determination of long- and short-term attenuation statistics of operational millimeter wavelength earth-space links as a function of defined meteorological conditions. The ATS-V experiment, launched August 12,1969, is providing the first propagation data from an orbiting geosynchronous spacecraft in the 15-GHz (downlink) and 32-GHz (uplink) frequency bands. Several stations in the continental U.S. and Canada have been operating with the downlink transmission from the satellite since late September 1969. The spacecraft transmitter is an all solid-state phase modulated unit that provides up to 250 mW of CW power at 15.3 GHz. The 31.65- GHz uplink signal is derived from a frequency stabilized klystron, varactor upconverter, and 1000 W traveling wave tube amplifier. A multilevel computer processing program generates propagation statistics for attenuation as a function of rainfall rate, sky temperature, radar backscatter, and other meteorological variables. Downlink measurements made at the NASA Rosman, N. C. station typically show attenuations of 1 to 3 dB in light rains or dense fog; 3 to 7 dB in continuous rains (5 to 50 mm/h), and a number of fades exceeding 12 dB in heavy thunderstorms. Uplink fades of up to 18 dB in heavy rains have been observed. Correlation of measured attenuation with ground measured rainfall rate was low for a single gauge but improved significantly with height averaging of 10 - gauges. Correlation of measured attenuation with sky temperature recorded on a small aperture radiometer was very good for most storms. Valid predictions of attenuation from 16-GHz sky temperature measurements were observed for up to 15 dB of measured attenuation. The uplink to downlink attenuation ratio varied with each precipitation event and often varied during a single storm. The ratio has ranged from 2:1 to 4:1 during heavy precipitation periods.
keywords: {Attenuation measurement;Downlink;Extraterrestrial measurements;Frequency;Millimeter wave propagation;Millimeter wave radar;Millimeter wave technology;Optical attenuators;Rain;Satellites},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1450054&isnumber=31141

L. Ippolito, "Millimeter wave propagation measurements from the applications technology satellite (ATS-V)," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 535-552, July 1970.
doi: 10.1109/TAP.1970.1139728
Abstract: A millimeter wave propagation experiment was launched on-board the Applications Technology Satellite (ATSV) in August, 1969, and is providing the first information on the propagation characteristics of the earth's atmosphere for earth-space links in theK_{u}(12.5 to 18 GHz) andK_{a}(26.5 to 40 GHz) frequency bands. Seven participating stations commenced data acquisition operations early in October, 1969. Amplitude and phase measurements on two independent test links at 15.3 GHz (downlink) and 31.65 GHz (uplink) are providing propagation characteristics during defined weather conditions. These measurements will provide the systems designer with a data base to support performance predictions for projected millimeter wave links and will aid in determining the utility of these frequency bands for communications and data-link applications. The satellite did not achieve the 3-axis earth-oriented stabilization condition that was originally planned and is presently spinning at 76 r/min at105degwest longitude, in geosynchronous orbit. Modifications have been made to the existing data analysis program which permit the conduct of meaningful propagation measurements, even with spin modulated data. Spacecraft and ground hardware systems are described, including modifications required by the satellite spin. Preliminary measurements acquired at the NASA Rosman, N. C. station during the early months of satellite operation are presented, including comparisons of attenuation with rainfall rate, sky temperature, and weather classification observations. The data available to date (March, 1970) are not yet sufficient to fully describe the long-term propagation statistics over all expected weather conditions, but they are presented here in response to requests for information on the initial characteristics of the first experimental data available from an operational earth-space millimeter wave link.
keywords: {Millimeter-wave radio propagation meteorological factors;Millimeter-wave radiometry;Radio propagation meteorological factors;Satellite communication, propagation;Atmospheric measurements;Data acquisition;Extraterrestrial measurements;Frequency;Millimeter wave measurements;Millimeter wave propagation;Millimeter wave technology;Phase measurement;Satellites;Terrestrial atmosphere},
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1139728&isnumber=25480

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