Health Care Systems Oncology, Imaging and Pharmacology, particularly for Prostate Cancer.
Technology that interests me: Sensors (Radar, Sonar, EO/IR,Fusion) Communications, Satellites, Unmanned Vehicles (UAV), Information Technology, Intelligent Transportation
California Hospitals and Health Systems With Great Oncology Programs
In California, there are many health care facilities which offer oncology care for cancer patients. Patients seek quality care without totally disrupting their lives or traveling great distances, since many regimens require sophisticated equipment and repeated visits over an extended period of time. In picking a doctor, they want to look for one with privileges at a good institution.
Written by Molly Gamble and Anuja
Vaidya | February 22, 2013 | Print |Email
Becker's Hospital Review has named "100 US Hospitals and Health
Systems With Great Oncology Programs." These 10 hospitals excerpted from
the list are located in California and are on the cutting edge of cancer
treatment, prevention and research, and the Becker's Hospital Review
editorial team selected them based on clinical accolades, quality care and
contributions to the field of oncology.
These hospitals have been recognized for
excellence in this specialty by reputable healthcare rating resources,
including U.S. News & World Report, Thomson Reuters, the National
Cancer Institute, the American College of Surgeons, the American Nurses
Credentialing Center and CareChex. Each organization has demonstrated a focus
on patient-centered cancer care and emphasis on continual innovation in
treatments and services. Many of these organizations also have a place in the
history of cancer prevention and research, as they've driven groundbreaking
discoveries and made clinical milestones.
Note: This list is not an endorsement
of included hospitals or associated healthcare providers, and hospitals cannot
pay to be included on this list. The following content should be used for
informational purposes only and is not intended to substitute professional
medical advice. Hospitals and health systems are presented in alphabetical
order.
1.Cedars Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles).The Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars Sinai
offers patients a hub model comprised of multidisciplinary teams. Tumor boards,
organized by specific types of cancer, help patients design treatment plans.
Patients also have access to Cedars Sinai's 24-hour outpatient cancer center,
which treats more than 9,000 patients each year. The center is home to basic
oncology research, along with clinical trials. In October, it launched a
project in partnership with Balitmore-based Johns Hopkins Medicine that allows
all men diagnosed with prostate cancer to have their disease tracked in a
secure and interactive online patient portal.
2.City of Hope National Medical Center (Duarte,
Calif.).City of Hope National Medical Center, an
independent medical and research center, was founded in 1913 and is located
about 20 miles outside of Los Angeles. It's one of 41 National Cancer
Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers and a founding member of the
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Several breakthrough cancer drugs,
including Herceptin and Avastin, are based on technology that was pioneered by
City of Hope, and the center's division of clinical cancer genetics has been
instrumental in understanding cancer's genetic roots.
3.Eisenhower Medical Center (Rancho Mirage, Calif.).The Eisenhower Lucy Curci Cancer Center, a recipient of the
Outstanding Achievement Award from the American College of Surgeons Commission
on Cancer, treats roughly 3,000 newly diagnosed cancer patients each year. The
center includes specific centers for prostate cancer, breast care and cancer,
infusion services and radiation oncology. Through its affiliation with Stanford
Cancer Center, Eisenhower Medical Center also offers patients access to
National Cancer Institute-endorsed Phase III clinical trials.
4.Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian (Newport Beach,
Calif.).The Hoag Family Cancer Institute, a recipient of
the Outstanding Achievement Award from the American College of Surgeons
Commission on Cancer, treats more than 3,300 newly diagnosed patients each
year, making it the largest-volume provider in Orange County. This past spring,
Hoag began enrolling patients in a new late-stage clinical trial for
glioblastoma multiforme, an aggressive form of brain cancer. Each year, more
than 400 patients participate in the center's hereditary cancer program, which
helps patients assess their cancer risk through genetic testing.
5.Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles).
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center has
more than 240 researchers and clinicians. Some successful targeted therapies —
treatments that inhibit the growth mechanisms in tumors — like Herceptin were
developed based on research conducted at the center. The center has maintained
its designation as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer
Institute since 1976.
6.Stanford (Calif.) Hospital & Clinics.
More than 300 physicians participate in cancer care, translational medicine and
clinical research at Stanford Cancer Institute, which offers more than 250
active clinical trials. The institute is currently recruiting for a clinical
trial that aims to identify and characterize novel proteins and genes in head
and neck cancer. Stanford Cancer Institute is a National Cancer
Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center — one of approximately 40 in
the country.
7.University of California Davis Medical Center
(Sacramento). The University of California Davis Cancer
Center focuses on both clinical care and research. In 2012, UC Davis
researchers discovered a new target for lung cancer treatment. The cancer
center is also dedicated to understanding why cancer affects people
differently, and it established a Population Sciences and Health Disparities
Program to further its findings. The University of California Davis Medical
Center was named to the 2012-2013 list of top-ranked hospitals for cancer by U.S.
News & World Report.
8.University of California San Diego Medical Center.
The University of San Diego Moores Cancer Center, established in 1979, is
comprised of two structures — a three-story facility for clinical services and
a five-story research tower. The center is one of only 41 National Cancer
Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers in the country, and the
University of California San Diego Medical Center was also ranked among the top
50 hospitals nationwide for cancer care in 2012-2013 by U.S. News &
World Report.
9.University of California San Francisco Medical
Center. In 2011, the University of California San Francisco
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center diagnosed 6,453 individuals
with cancer, and its investigators led 262 interventional trials, according to
the most recent data available. The center has more than 370 medical
professionals, including faculty investigators in laboratory, clinical and
population-based research. The center is a member of the Association of
American Cancer Institutes, a group made up of leading research centers in the
nation that focus on cancer treatment, patient care and community outreach, as
well as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, an alliance of 21 of the
world's leading cancer centers.
10.USC
Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (Los Angeles). The USC
Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center is home to more than 200 scientists and
physicians. The cancer center was one of the first eight National Cancer
Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers in the country. Over the
years, it has been responsible for many important scientific advances in cancer
research, including clarifying the links between steroid hormones and breast
and prostate cancer. More recently, research identifying certain genes that
have to be turned off for cancer cells to survive, conducted at the center, was
named one of the 20 major advances in cancer research in 2012 by the American
Society of Clinical Oncology.
California utility San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) on February 24 officially put into service what is currently the largest lithium-ion storage battery in the world, wrapping up a fast-track procurement process that began less than a year ago.
AES will deploy its Advancion 4
storage systems [Advancion® Energy Storage - AES | Energy Storage] at two SDG&E substations in San Diego County,
California, with 30MW in Escondido and 7.5MW in El Cajon. They will help
the utility improve regional reliability and integrate more renewable
energy. The Advancion arrays will be able to provide 37.5 MW of power
for four continuous hours and serve as a 75 MW of flexible resource to
the grid.
The systems will include batteries by Samsung SDI and power conversion systems by Parker Hannifin. The power conversion technology meets IEEE 519 and IEEE 1547 standards
and is designed to UL1741 and UL508C as applicable. Certified PCS
suppliers are pre-qualified for Advancion arrays at AES’ Battery
Integration Center. Some of the latest changes in the Advancion 4 architecture are also
aimed at reducing balance-of-systems costs -- something that GTM Research has predicted will be an important part of overall grid battery system cost reductions over the coming years.
Battery vendor LG Chem and inverter maker Parker Hannifin are AES’ first two announced Advancion partners. That fact, plus a December announcement
of a massive supply agreement with the South Korean lithium-ion battery
maker, led many in the industry to presume that the Netherlands project
was using LG Chem batteries. But in fact, the Netherlands project is
using Samsung, AES Energy Storage President John Zahurancik said in an
interview earlier this month.
In the past month, AES has also brought in new partners Mitsubishi and Eaton
to expand its Advancion business to new markets, in Asia and Oceania
and in Europe, Africa and the Middle East, respectively. It’s all part
of a broader push to lower the cost and complexity of energy storage
deployments and bring more flexibility to how they’re put to play, he
said.
One of the changes of Advancion 4 “allows us to have a very compact
footprint, so this is four to five times more compact than what we were
building five or six years ago,” he said. “That ends up translating into
cost -- less conduit, less racking, less concrete, less everything.”
In terms of flexibility, AES has “gone to a smaller, individual unit --
what we’re calling a node -- partnered up with a bunch of its brothers
to form an array,” he said. “Each of these nodes can operate
independently. Its operating characteristics or lifespan can be
maintained independently.”
SDG&E bets on big batteries for Clean Power
A collection of 24 large, stationary containers dot an industrial park at the San Diego Gas & Electric operations center in Escondido. The site represents the world’s largest lithium-ion battery energy storage center, completed in a matter of months and designed to improve energy reliability for the region. The 30-megawatt plant consists of 400,00 batteries, similar to those used in electric cars. The batteries were installed in almost 20,000 modules that sit in massive containers with the capability of serving about 20,000 SDG&E customers for four hours.
“It’s a way for us to maximize the use of clean, renewable energy generation,” said Josh Gerber, SDG&E’s manager of advanced technology integration. “All of that is good for the system, it helps us avoid turning on other plants that might be needed to meet the region’s demands.”
M. Farhadi and O. Mohammed, "Energy Storage Technologies for High-Power Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 1953-1961, May-June 2016. doi: 10.1109/TIA.2015.2511096 Abstract:
Energy storage systems provide viable solutions for improving
efficiency and power quality as well as reliability issues in dc/ac
power systems including power grid with considerable penetrations of
renewable energy. The storage systems are also essential for aircraft
powertrains, shipboard power systems, electric vehicles, and hybrid
electric vehicles to meet the peak load economically and improve the
system's reliability and efficiency. Significant development and
research efforts have recently been made in high-power storage
technologies such as supercapacitors, superconducting magnetic energy
storage (SMES), and flywheels. These devices have a very high-power
density and fast response time and are suitable for applications with
rapid charge and discharge requirements. In this paper, the latest
technological developments of these devices as well as advancements in
the lithium-ion battery, the most power dense commercially available
battery, are presented. Also, a comparative analysis of these high-power
storage technologies in terms of power, energy, cost, life, and
performance is carried out. This paper also presents the applications,
advantages, and limitations of these technologies in a power grid and
transportation system as well as critical and pulse loads. keywords:
{aircraft power systems;flywheels;hybrid electric vehicles;lithium
compounds;marine power systems;power supply quality;power system
reliability;power transmission (mechanical);secondary
cells;supercapacitors;superconducting magnet energy storage;AC power
system;DC power system;SMES;aircraft powertrain;energy storage
technologies;fast response time;flywheel;high-power
application;high-power density;high-power storage technologies;hybrid
electric vehicle;lithium-ion battery;power grid;power quality;pulse
load;reliability issue;renewable energy;shipboard power
system;supercapacitor;superconducting magnetic energy
storage;transportation
system;Batteries;Capacitance;Electrodes;Flywheels;Supercapacitors;Superconducting
magnetic energy storage;Critical loads;Supercapacitor;critical
loads;flywheels;grid ancillary services;lithium-ion battery;pulse
load;sportation system;supercapacitor;superconducting magnetic energy
storage (SMES);transportation system}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7362184&isnumber=7471386
M. Farhadi and O. Mohammed, "Energy storage systems for high power applications," 2015 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Addison, TX, 2015, pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1109/IAS.2015.7356787 Abstract:
Energy storage systems provide viable solutions for better efficiency,
improved power quality and reliability issues in DC/AC power systems
including power grids with considerable penetration of renewable energy.
It is also essential for shipboard power systems, aircraft powertrains,
electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet the peak load
economically and improve the system's reliability and efficiency.
Depending on the application and the required power and energy of the
system, the storage devices should be selected. Moreover, the system
cost, weight, space as well as its maintenance are the other factors
that should be considered when a storage system is designed. This paper
focuses on the latest technology development of high power storage
devices e.g. supercapacitor, superconductive magnetic energy storage
(SMES) and flywheels. These storage systems are able to efficiently
provide very high power for a short duration of time and are suitable
for a system with frequent and rapid charge and discharge
characteristics. This paper also presents the detailed application of
these storage technologies in a power grid and transportation system as
well as critical loads and pulse loads. keywords:
{flywheels;supercapacitors;superconducting magnet energy storage;DC-AC
power systems;SMES;aircraft powertrains;electric vehicles;energy storage
systems;high power storage devices;hybrid electric vehicles;power
grids;power quality;renewable energy penetration;shipboard power
systems;supercapacitor;superconductive magnetic energy storage;system
reliability;transportation system;Batteries;Capacitors;Economic
indicators;Energy storage;Flywheels;Lithium ion batteries;Power
grids;Supercapacitor;critical loads;flywheels;grid ancillary
services;lithium-ion battery;superconductive magnetic energy storage
(SMES);transportation system}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7356787&isnumber=7356738
L.
Dusonchet, M. G. Ippolito, E. Telaretti, G. Zizzo and G. Graditi, "An
optimal operating strategy for combined RES-based generators and
electric storage systems for load shifting applications," 4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Istanbul, 2013, pp. 552-557. doi: 10.1109/PowerEng.2013.6635668 Abstract:
This paper focuses on an optimal operating strategy of combined
RES-based generators and electric storage systems for small/medium-scale
public facilities. The operating strategy can be used in load shifting
applications in response to a time-of-use (TOU) rate design with
differential pricing for on- and off-peak usage. Load shifting
applications can be exploited by customers using battery energy storage
systems (BESS) in order to reduce their electricity bill, charging the
storage when off-peak time periods are applied and discharging it during
on-peak periods, when electricity energy prices are high. The operating
strategy is implemented within a bidirectional converter that provides
an interface between the low voltage (LV) grid and a PV generator
combined with a BESS, so as to contemporary addressing the requirements
of the national reference technical standards for active users
connections and providing different ancillary services. keywords:
{battery storage plants;energy storage;power grids;renewable energy
sources;secondary cells;PV generator;active users connections;ancillary
services;battery energy storage systems;bidirectional converter;combined
RES-based generators;electric storage systems;electricity
bill;electricity energy prices;load shifting applications;low voltage
grid;national reference technical standards;off-peak time
periods;off-peak usage;on-peak periods;on-peak usage;optimal operating
strategy;small/medium-scale public facilities;time-of-use rate
design;Batteries;Discharges
(electric);Electricity;Generators;Indexes;Production;lithium-ion
battery;load shifting;operating strategy;peak shaving}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6635668&isnumber=6635569
M.
Baumann, B. Zimmermann, H. Dura, B. Simon and M. Weil, "A comparative
probabilistic economic analysis of selected stationary battery systems
for grid applications," 2013 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), Alghero, 2013, pp. 87-92. doi: 10.1109/ICCEP.2013.6586972 Abstract:
This Paper focuses on a comparative probabilistic economic comparison
of sodium sulfur batteries (NaS), Lithium-Iron Phosphate batteries
(LFP), Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRB), Lead Acid batteries (PbA)
and a Pumped Hydro Storage Plant (PHS). Two cases for a load leveling
and peak shaving storage application were analyzed and compared. The
comparison is based on a comprehensive literature review which showed
remarkable deviations within most techno-economic values. This makes it
difficult to assess the technologies by a deterministic approach.
Therefore, a complementary probabilistic approach was developed in form
of a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The results show clearly that among
batteries, PbA have the best cost performance followed by NaS and VRB.
LFP has the highest costs within all scenarios. However, PHS is the most
cost efficient technology for load leveling. In the case of peak
shaving the battery costs decrease significantly due to lower initial
investment costs. keywords: {Monte Carlo methods;battery storage
plants;power generation economics;probability;secondary cells;Monte
Carlo Simulation;battery costs;comparative probabilistic economic
analysis;comparative probabilistic economic comparison;grid
applications;investment costs;lead acid batteries;lithium-iron phosphate
batteries;load leveling;peak shaving;peak shaving storage
application;pumped hydro storage plant;selected stationary battery
systems;sodium sulfur batteries;techno-economic values;vanadium redox
flow batteries;Batteries;Bulk storage;Distribution
functions;Electricity;Investment;Probabilistic logic;Energy
storage;Lithium-Ion-Battery;Redox-Flow-Battery;batteries}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6586972&isnumber=6586897
X. Xiu and B. Li, "Study on energy storage system investment decision based on real option theory," International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply (SUPERGEN 2012), Hangzhou, 2012, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.1049/cp.2012.1796 Abstract:
Issues of load peak-valley difference, security and stability of power
system, as well as large-scale development and utilization of renewable
energy represented of wind and solar, promote the application process of
electric energy storage technologies in power system. Energy storage
technology, which can isolate the production and use of electrical
energy, plays important roles in restraining wind power output
fluctuations, improving power quality, peak load shifting, frequency
regulation of power grid, etc. Under current technical level, the
development of energy storage industry needs the support of national
policy, and there exists great venture in its investment. Therefore it
is necessary to assess the economical problem of energy storage project
investment. This paper mainly researches on the economic evaluation of
the application of electric energy storage system (EES) on improving
wind power acceptance. As configuration of energy storage system in wind
farm accompanied by irreversibility, uncertainty, and sustainable
development of project investment, according to the theory of real
options, binary tree option pricing model, which can be used to analyze
investment decision-making issues under uncertain environment, is
introduced to analyze issues of investment economy on li-ion batteries,
vanadium redox flow battery, sodium sulfur battery energy storage
system. keywords: {decision making;energy
storage;investment;lithium;power generation economics;power supply
quality;power system security;power system stability;pricing;renewable
energy sources;secondary cells;solar power stations;sustainable
development;wind power plants;, peak load shifting;EES;Li;binary tree
option pricing model;current technical level;economic
evaluation;electric energy storage technologies;energy storage
industry;energy storage system investment decision;investment
decision-making issues;lithium-ion batteries;load peak-valley
difference;power grid frequency regulation;power quality;power system
security;power system stability;project investment sustainable
development;real option theory;renewable energy;sodium sulfur battery
energy storage system;vanadium redox flow battery;wind farm;wind power
acceptance;wind power output fluctuations;Binary Tree Option Pricing
Model;Energy Storage System;Investment Economy;Investment Time;Real
Option Theory}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6493115&isnumber=6493060
F. A. Silva, "Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications [Book News]," in IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 58-59, March 2016. doi: 10.1109/MIE.2016.2515040 Abstract:
This book offers a comprehensive and systematic coverage of the
operating principles, underlying theory, design, production, and use of
Li-ion batteries. The text starts with a brief historical background of
batteries and their terminology. Then, the book presents chapters
dealing with a systematic overview of Li-ion batteries, from their
chemistry properties to manufacturing technologies, including current
trends and future options. It introduces and discusses the key
components of Li-ion- and Li-air-based batteries, including cathodes;
anodes; negative and positive electrode materials; solid, liquid and
polymer electrolytes; separators; electronic conductive agents; binders;
solvents for slurry preparation; positive thermal coefficient
materials; current collectors; and battery cases. It discusses batteries
based on olivine (LiFePO4), which are advantageous for power lithium
batteries because of their excellent safety, environmental friendliness,
fast-charge performance, and very long cycling life. The text also
discusses the assembly processes and electrochemical performance of
Li-ion batteries while summarizing their applications in power tools,
electric bikes, wheelchairs and cars, thermal-engine cars (36-V Li-ion
battery), hybrid EVs, the military, autonomous underwater vehicles,
aerospace, microdevices and electronic health, wind and solar energy
storage, smart electrical grids (e.g., in peak curtailment, market
enabling, sustainability, demand response support, power quality
improvement, virtual inertia, optimizing valley, and peak power prices),
load leveling, the mining industry, and medical treatment and implants
The textbook includes prefaces, an editor biography, a table of
contents, and an index. keywords: {lithium compounds;secondary
cells;key components;lithium-ion battery applications;lithium-ion
battery design;lithium-ion battery operating principles;lithium-ion
battery production;lithium-ion battery theory;olivine based
battery;optimizing valley;peak power price;power quality
improvement;virtual inertia;Assembly;Batteries;Book
reviews;Electrochemical devices;History;Lithium ion
batteries;Manufacturing processes;Power supplies}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7436865&isnumber=7436855
T. Basso, S. Chakraborty, A. Hoke and M. Coddington, "IEEE 1547 Standards advancing grid modernization," 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), New Orleans, LA, 2015, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2015.7356267 Abstract:
Technology advances including development of advanced distributed
energy resources (DER) and grid-integrated operations and controls
functionalities have surpassed the requirements in current standards and
codes for DER interconnection with the distribution grid. The full
revision of IEEE Standards 1547 (requirements for DER-grid
interconnection and interoperability) and 1547.1 (test procedures for
conformance to 1547) are establishing requirements and best practices
for state-of-the-art DER including variable renewable energy sources.
The revised standards will also address challenges associated with
interoperability and transmission-level effects, in addition to strictly
addressing the distribution grid needs. This paper provides the status
and future direction of the ongoing development focus for the 1547
standards. keywords: {IEEE standards;distributed power
generation;power grids;power system interconnection;renewable energy
sources;DER-grid interconnection;DER-grid interoperability;IEEE 1547
standards;distributed energy resources;distribution grid;grid
modernization;grid-integrated operations;variable renewable energy
sources;Density estimation robust
algorithm;Interoperability;Inverters;Reactive
power;Standards;Testing;IEEE 1547;Smart
Grid;conformance;converter;distributed energy
resources;grid;integration;interconnection;interoperability;inverter;microgrid;power
system;standard;storage;testing}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7356267&isnumber=7355590
B. Saint, "Update on IEEE 1547 Series of Standards for distributed resources interconnection," PES T&D 2012, Orlando, FL, 2012, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281696 Abstract:
The IEEE 1547 Series of Standards are a key reference for Distributed
Resources Interconnection. This paper discusses the Scope and Purpose;
current status; and a short description of the content and limitations
of each of the documents. keywords: {IEEE standards;distributed
power generation;power system interconnection;IEEE 1547 series of
standards;distributed generation interconnection;distributed resources
interconnection;Aggregates;Guidelines;IEEE standards;Power
systems;Safety;Testing;Distributed Generation
Interconnection;Distributed Resources Interconnection;IEEE 1547}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6281696&isnumber=6281396
T.
Basso, J. Hambrick and D. DeBlasio, "Update and review of IEEE P2030
Smart Grid Interoperability and IEEE 1547 interconnection standards," 2012 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), Washington, DC, 2012, pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1109/ISGT.2012.6175748 Abstract:
The IEEE American National Standards project P2030™ addressing smart
grid interoperability and the IEEE 1547 series of standards addressing
distributed resources interconnection with the grid have been identified
in priority action plans in the Report to NIST on the Smart Grid
Interoperability Standards Roadmap. This paper presents the status of
the IEEE P2030 series of standards development, the IEEE 1547 series of
standards publications and drafts, and provides insight on systems
integration and grid infrastructure. The P2030 and 1547 series of
standards are sponsored by IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21
(SCC21). keywords: {IEEE standards;open systems;power engineering
computing;power system interconnection;smart power grids;IEEE 1547
interconnection standards;IEEE 1547 series;IEEE P2030 series;IEEE P2030
smart grid interoperability roadmap;IEEE SCC21;IEEE Standards
Coordinating Committee 21;NIST;IEEE standards;Integrated circuit
interconnections;NIST;Smart grids;Standards development}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6175748&isnumber=6175527
B. Saint, "Update on IEEE 1547 Series of Standards for Distributed Resources Interconnection," 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, 2011, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/PES.2011.6039429 Abstract:
The IEEE 1547 Series of Standards are a key reference for Distributed
Resources Interconnection. This paper discusses the Scope and Purpose;
current status; and a short description of the content and limitations
of each of the documents. keywords: {IEEE standards;distributed
power generation;IEEE 1547 series of standards;distributed generation
interconnection;distributed resources interconnection;Guidelines;IEEE
standards;Safety;Smart grids;Testing;Distributed Generation
Interconnection;Distributed Resources Interconnection;IEEE 1547}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6039429&isnumber=6038815
IEEE Draft Application Guide for IEEE Standard 1547, Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems," in IEEE Unapproved Draft Std P1547.2/D11, Sept 2008 , vol., no., pp., 2008 Abstract:
This guide provides technical background and application details to
support the understanding of IEEE 1547, Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4629451&isnumber=4629450
IEEE
Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547(TM), IEEE Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems," in IEEE Std 1547.2-2008 , vol., no., pp.1-217, April 15 2009 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4816078 Abstract:
In this paper, technical background and application details to support
understanding of IEEE Std 1547-2003 are provided. The guide facilitates
the use of IEEE Std 1547-2003 by characterizing various forms of
distributed resource (DR) technologies and their associated
interconnection issues. It provides background and rationale of the
technical requirements of IEEE Std 1547-2003. It also provides tips,
techniques, and rules of thumb, and it addresses topics related to DR
project implementation to enhance the user's understanding of how IEEE
Std 1547-2003 may relate to those topics. This guide is intended for use
by engineers, engineering consultants, and knowledgeable individuals in
the field of DR. The IEEE 1547 series of standards is cited in the
Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005, and this guide is one document in the
IEEE 1547 series. keywords: {IEEE standards;distributed power
generation;power system interconnection;DR project
implementation;Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005;IEEE Std 1547-2003;IEEE
application guide;distributed resource interconnection;electric power
systems;1547.2-2008;Federal;diesel generators;dispersed
generation;distributed energy;distributed energyresources;distributed
generation;distributed power;distributed resources;electric
distributionsystems;electric power systems;energy storage;fuel
cells;grid;interconnection;inverter;islanding;microturbines;national;networks;paralleling;photovoltaic
power systems;regional;rulemaking;state;utility;wind energy systems}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4816078&isnumber=4816077
IEEE Draft Application Guide for IEEE Standard 1547, Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems," in IEEE Unapproved Draft Std P1547.2/D10, Mar 2008 , vol., no., pp., 2008 Abstract:
This guide provides technical background and application details to
support understanding of IEEE 1547, Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4479890&isnumber=4479889
E. Micolano, R. Lazzari and L. Pellegrino, "Influence of management and
system configuration on performances and lifetime of lithium-ion
batteries," 2015 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT), Naples, 2015, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/AEIT.2015.7415243 Abstract:
Nowadays, the integration of Energy Storage Systems in the electrical
grid is a fundamental key to support the transition toward a reliable
decentralized, renewable energy supply and electrochemical accumulators
are one of the most promising storage technologies for many
grid-connected applications. However, many applications, for example
offering ancillary services, could increase the strain on the batteries
causing a degradation of performances. Thus, the use of batteries
coupled with supercapacitors, that have a higher specific power and a
longer lifetime, allow a better management of the battery in many
grid-connected applications. The article describes the results of
characterization and ageing tests executed in order to verify the
improvements, in terms of performances and lifetime, of a hybrid
lithium-ion battery-supercapacitors system compared to a system composed
by a battery operated alone. keywords: {secondary
cells;supercapacitors;ageing tests;hybrid lithium-ion
battery-supercapacitors system;lithium-ion battery
configuration;lithium-ion battery performance;system
configuration;Decision support systems;Degradation;Hybrid Energy Storage
System;ageing test;energy storage system;lithium-ion
battery;supercapacitor}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7415243&isnumber=7415201
S.
A. Hamidi, E. Manla and A. Nasiri, "Li-ion batteries and Li-ion
ultracapacitors: Characteristics, modeling and grid applications," 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Montreal, QC, 2015, pp. 4973-4979. doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2015.7310361 Abstract:
This paper presents two of the most promising compact energy storage
types, Li-ion batteries and ultracapacitors, for grid applications.
Different types of lithium-ion batteries are discussed and compared and a
generic electrical model for this type of batteries is presented, which
models the battery dynamics, capacity, efficiency, and performance.
Characteristics and electrical equivalent model of the Li-ion capacitors
are also presented and discussed. The electrical models are verified
for both devices by conducting extensive testing. Various grid level
applications of these energy storage elements including renewable
integration, ancillary services, energy time-shifting, and applications
in islanded grids are discussed. keywords: {equivalent
circuits;power grids;secondary cells;supercapacitors;Li-ion
battery;Li-ion ultracapacitor;electrical equivalent model;energy
storage;grid application;lithium-ion battery;renewable
integration;Batteries;Electrodes;Integrated circuit
modeling;Lithium;Mathematical model;Supercapacitors;Li-ion
battery;Li-ion ultracapacitor;energy storage;modeling}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7310361&isnumber=7309651
S.
Wang, R. Teodorescu, L. Mathe, E. Schaltz and P. Dan Burlacu, "State of
Charge balancing control of a multi-functional battery energy storage
system based on a 11-level cascaded multilevel PWM converter," 2015
Intl Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines & Power Electronics
(ACEMP), 2015 Intl Conference on Optimization of Electrical &
Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) & 2015 Intl Symposium on Advanced
Electromechanical Motion Systems (ELECTROMOTION), Side, 2015, pp. 336-342. doi: 10.1109/OPTIM.2015.7427002 Abstract:
This paper focuses on modeling and SOC (State of Charge) balancing
control of lithium-ion battery energy storage system based on cascaded
multilevel converter for both grid integration and electric vehicle
propulsion applications. The equivalent electrical circuit model of
lithium-ion battery module is established based on the relationship
between SOC (State of Charge) and OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) which is
obtained from the battery charge and discharge test curves. A
hierarchical control structure is proposed to realize different
operating modes. The decoupled current control scheme is adopted to
control active power and reactive power independently, and the
zero-sequence voltage injection and a sorting and select algorithm are
employed for SOC balancing control. The simulation results have been
carried out with PLECS Simulation Software and are presented to validate
the SOC control schemes. keywords: {PWM power convertors;battery
storage plants;lithium compounds;reactive power;secondary cells;PLECS
simulation software;SOC;cascaded multilevel converter;electric vehicle
propulsion;equivalent electrical circuit model;lithium-ion battery
energy storage system;lithium-ion battery module;multifunctional battery
energy storage system;multilevel PWM converter;open circuit
voltage;reactive power;state of charge balancing control;zero-sequence
voltage injection;Batteries;Control systems;Integrated circuit
modeling;Mathematical model;Numerical models;Resistance;battery energy
storage system;battery modeling;cascaded multilevel converter;state of
charge;zero sequence voltage injection}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7427002&isnumber=7426737
I.
J. Cohen, D. A. Wetz, J. M. Heinzel and Q. Dong, "Design and
Characterization of an Actively Controlled Hybrid Energy Storage Module
for High-Rate Directed Energy Applications," in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1427-1433, May 2015. doi: 10.1109/TPS.2014.2370053 Abstract:
There is considerable need for a mobile, reliable, efficient, and
compact prime power supply for a host of applications, including
directed energy and electrical grid backup among others. Electrochemical
energy storage devices, which possess either high-power density or
high-energy density, have been developed recently and are very
applicable for use in these applications. The need for both high energy
and high power, however, makes the design and implementation of such a
prime power supply a nontrivial task. While lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
are available, which possess both high power and energy density,
operation at high power reduces their cycle life, decreasing the
reliability and increasing the cost of the system when replacement
becomes necessary more frequently. One proposed method involves
optimally combining high-energy batteries with high-power electric
double layer capacitors (EDLCs) using actively controlled power
electronics to regulate the current to and from each respective device.
In such a scheme, energy can be slowly sourced to and from the
batteries, while the capacitors are used to supply or accept the bulk of
the current when the demand is high, especially during fast transients.
This type of scheme should not only maximize the batteries' cycle life
and ensure that both the energy and power required of the load(s) is
always available, but will also increase the instantaneous power
capabilities of the system, offering a well-rounded solution to sourcing
steady and/or transient loads. When augmenting a fossil fuel generator
with a hybrid energy storage module (HESM), the HESM has the ability to
act as a high-energy reservoir that can harvest energy from the
generator when the loads are in short periods of inactivity. This
enables the generator to be continuously base loaded, thereby
maintaining a high level of efficiency at all times, while theoretically
maintaining the required power quality of the main ac bus. At the
University of Texas at A- lington (UTA), an actively controlled,
high-rate HESM has been constructed to evaluate its performance under
the typical load condition presented by directed energy weapons. It has
been assembled using LIBs, EDLCs, and commercial off-the-shelf power
electronic converters. A discussion about the future of HESMs, the
experimental setup at UTA, and the results obtained thus far will be
presented here. keywords: {lithium;power convertors;power supply
quality;secondary cells;supercapacitors;EDLCs;HESM;LIBs;ac bus;actively
controlled hybrid energy storage module;actively controlled power
electronics;battery life cycle;commercial off-the-shelf power electronic
converters;compact prime power supply;directed energy
weapons;electrical grid backup;electrochemical energy storage
devices;fossil fuel generator;high-energy batteries;high-energy
density;high-energy reservoir;high-power density;high-power electric
double layer capacitors;high-rate directed energy;lithium-ion
batteries;power quality;transient
loads;Batteries;Capacitors;Generators;Inverters;Power supplies;Energy
storage;lithium batteries;power electronics;power
electronics.;supercapacitors}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6966789&isnumber=7102802
A.
Dunbar, F. Tagliaferri, I. M. Viola and G. P. Harrison, "The impact of
electricity price forecast accuracy on the optimality of storage
revenue," 3rd Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2014), Naples, 2014, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1049/cp.2014.0902 Abstract:
Grid connected electrical energy storage could enable large numbers of
intermittent renewable generators to be deployed in the UK. Many studies
investigate the revenue which could be achieved through arbitrage
assuming perfect foresight of electricity prices. In practice, storage
operators will not have perfect foresight and will have to devise
operational strategies using price forecasts. This paper investigates
the impact of forecast accuracy on the optimality of storage revenue.
The optimal revenue available is determined using linear programming and
historic electricity prices. The results are compared to those found
using dynamic programming and electricity price forecasts with
increasing percentage error. A small scale lithium ion battery and a
large pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) device are compared. The
results show that revenue reduces at an increasing rate with increasing
forecast error. The PHES device is more sensitive to forecast accuracy
than the lithium ion battery. For both technologies, with a maximum
error of 30%, 80% of the optimal revenue can be achieved. With increased
capacity and significantly increased power rating, the lithium ion
battery becomes more sensitive to price forecast accuracy. keywords:
{dynamic programming;linear programming;pricing;pumped-storage power
stations;secondary cells;PHES device;dynamic programming;electricity
price forecast accuracy;grid connected electrical energy
storage;historic electricity prices;linear programming;pumped hydro
energy storage;small scale lithium ion battery;storage revenue
optimality;Dynamic programming;Electricity Storage;Forecast
Accuracy;Price Arbitrage}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6993295&isnumber=6941339
H. Weiss, "Power electronics as key factor in generation, transmission, and usage of electric energy," 2014 ELEKTRO, Rajecke Teplice, Slovakia, 2014, pp. 20-20. doi: 10.1109/ELEKTRO.2014.6847862 Abstract:
Electrical energy exhibits highest flexibility in usage and
controllability. However, electrical energy also raises high cost in
generation and storage and is not sustainable in most cases for
generation (burning coal or oil, or nuclear reactors). Advanced and
sustainable generation employs power electronics in various circuits and
power ranges. By today, large water power pump turbines with
synchronous machines are speed controlled by converters even over 100
MW. State of the art is the modular multilevel conversion system with
IGCTs or IGBTs along with antiparallel diodes. Wind power plants use
permanent magnet synchronous machines again with full power converters.
Photovoltaics become the field for application of SiC devices. HVDC
transmission in classic style finds line commutated thyristors along
with filter equipment that again uses power electronics for harmonics
reduction. At less than about 1 GW we again see modular multilevel
conversion circuits. Electric energy from Lithium-ion batteries as
direct power source for individual mobility is used in zero-emission
vehicles which rely on simple to complicated power electronics for
realization of variable speed drives. Future applications can introduce
Lithium-ion batteries not suited any more for mobile usage as local
energy storage elements buffering power from renewable energy sources.
Such applications require power electronics for energy conversion and
easy control establishing an actually smart grid. keywords: {generation of electric energy;transmission of electric energy}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6847862&isnumber=6847850
C.
Guenther, J. K. Barillas, S. Stumpp and M. A. Danzer, "A dynamic
battery model for simulation of battery-to-grid applications," 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), Berlin, 2012, pp. 1-7. doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2012.6465855 Abstract:
The number of fluctuating energy sources in the power grid increases
continuously. Simultaneously the importance of electrical energy storage
increases. Batteries are one promising possibility for short-term
storage. In this work a mathematical impedance model of a Lithium-ion
battery with high dynamics for simulation of loads due to driving cycles
and battery-to-grid applications as well as parameterization and
validation of the model are presented. The model approach is based on an
equivalent circuit. Parameterization of the model is done at many
different operating points to assess the dependencies of the parameters
on different battery states and model inputs. Both for high dynamic
impacts and static periods simulation of terminal voltage shows good
results in the considered operational range. The model is real time
capable and suitable for robust control. Hence a useful tool for
battery-to-grid and electric mobility applications is introduced.
keywords: {equivalent circuits;lithium;mathematical analysis;robust
control;secondary cells;smart power grids;Li;battery-to-grid simulation
applications;driving cycles;dynamic battery model;electric mobility
applications;electrical energy storage;equivalent circuit;fluctuating
energy sources;lithium-ion battery;mathematical impedance model;power
grid;robust control;short-term storage;terminal voltage static period
simulation;Batteries;Battery charge measurement;Integrated circuit
modeling;Mathematical model;System-on-a-chip;Temperature
measurement;Voltage measurement;Battery model;LiFePO4;Lithium-ion;battery-to-grid;mathematical model;smart grid applications}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6465855&isnumber=6465601
J.
D. Dogger, B. Roossien and F. D. J. Nieuwenhout, "Characterization of
Li-Ion Batteries for Intelligent Management of Distributed
Grid-Connected Storage," in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 256-263, March 2011. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2009.2032579 Abstract:
Grid-connected electrical storage has a high potential to support the
transition toward a reliable decentralized and renewable energy supply.
It is expected that lithium-ion batteries will play a major role in this
transition, because of their high energy density and of the potential
capacity that is offered by plug-in (hybrid) electric vehicles. The use
of lithium-ion batteries in grid support may result in additional
degradation. Intelligent control of these batteries can assure that the
additional degradation rate is minimized and their utilization is
cost-effective. It is, therefore, imperative that the intelligent
control has an excellent understanding of the aging behavior of the
battery, therefore, it can maximize the benefits for the battery owner.
Based on this logic, cycle life experiments were performed on lithium
polymer cells in which the cell life dependence on the depth of
discharge was investigated. Other cell characteristics that were studied
include the equivalent series resistance and the efficiency.
keywords: {battery management systems;battery powered vehicles;battery
storage plants;distributed power generation;hybrid electric
vehicles;intelligent control;lithium;secondary cells;smart power
grids;Li;Li-ion batteries;cell life dependence;cycle life
experiments;distributed grid-connected storage intelligent
management;equivalent series resistance;intelligent control;lithium
polymer cells;plug-in hybrid electric vehicles;renewable energy
supply;smart grids;Cycle life;depth of discharge (DOD);equivalent series
resistance (ESR);lithium polymer (LiPo)}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5677460&isnumber=5714224
A. Ahsan, Q. Zhao, A. M. Khambadkone and M. H. Chia, "Dynamic battery operational cost modeling for energy dispatch," 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2016.7855055 Abstract:
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have gained extensive application
in both grid and microgrid applications. One major type of BESS are
electrochemical batteries such as Lead-Acid and Lithium-Ion batteries
which have limited number of lifecycles. The common way of considering
their operation cost is using a constant value such as LCOE (levelized
cost of energy). However, as shown herein, given the same amount of
energy output, the battery lifecycle degradation, and thus the
degradation cost, can vary at different operation conditions (voltage,
current, power, state of charge (SOC)) by up to 6 times. Herein a model
for the dynamic battery operation cost as a function of its dispatch
power and SOC is developed. The model also considers the dependency of
battery voltage on its current and SOC, which equivalently takes into
account the dependency of its conversion efficiency on its power and
SOC. Preliminary simulations demonstrate that using the proposed model,
instead of the LCOE, for Microgrid operation optimization microgrid
operation cost is lower by up to 12%. keywords: {Batteries;Degradation;Discharges (electric);Load modeling;Microgrids;State of charge;US Department of Defense}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7855055&isnumber=7854636
S.
S. Saha, S. Janko, N. G. Johnson, R. Podmore, A. Riaud and R. Larsen,
"A universal charge controller for integrating distributed energy
resources," 2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), Seattle, WA, USA, 2016, pp. 459-465. doi: 10.1109/GHTC.2016.7857320 Abstract:
Centralized electric grids provide power to much of the world's
population, yet cost and technical constraints prevent grid extension to
1.2 billion people living without power today. Off-grid and micro-grid
power systems are solutions to electrifying remote areas of developing
countries. Generally, these systems include a mix of renewables,
storage, conventional generation, and demand response or metering, with a
wide variety of controllers needed to address the many possible power
system configurations and component specifications. Existing low-cost
technologies have limited interoperability and flexibility to span the
problem space. This paper seeks to address this need and describes the
motivation, requirements, specifications, prototyping, and early testing
of a Universal Charge Controller (UCC) that integrates with various
sources, loads, and storage. The UCC meets load requirements for a
household or other small building up to 500W peak load capacity. Power
source connections include solar photovoltaics (18–24VDC), battery
storage (12–24VDC), an AC micro-grid (110/220VAC), or a DC micro-grid
(50–70VDC). This flexibility, combined with intelligent controls,
permits the UCC to serve as the keystone in connecting various energy
architectures as a community develops over time. The UCC can charge a
12V or 24V Lead Acid or Lithium-Ion battery from one or more sources
(current controlled or voltage controlled). Storage charging efficiency
is improved with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) during the
conversion of solar power. The accuracy of the design parameters was
analyzed by testing different use cases on a commercial development
board with results used to refine specifications and schematics of the
UCC prototype. Technical specifications and design documentation are in
development through an open source partnership with IEEE Smart Village
to promote widespread adoption. keywords: {Batteries;Integrated
circuits;Maximum power point trackers;Microgrids;Solar
panels;Testing;Smart Village;UCC;charge
controller;microgrid;off-grid;solar}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7857320&isnumber=7857239
K.
Li and K. J. Tseng, "An electrical model capable of estimating the
state of energy for lithium-ion batteries used in energy storage
systems," 2016 IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC), Auckland, New Zealand, 2016, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1109/SPEC.2016.7846167 Abstract:
The state of energy (SOE) of Li-ion batteries is a key indicator for
the energy management and optimization of energy storage systems (ESSs)
in smart grids and electric vehicles (EVs). In order to improve the SOE
estimation accuracy, an electrical Li-ion battery model is presented in
this study against the dynamic loads and the rate energy effects of the
battery. Firstly, in order to take into thorough consideration of the
influencing factors in the SOE estimation process, a look-up table is
merged with a 2nd order RC battery model for accurately
predicting the battery voltage characteristics and capturing the
nonlinear rate energy effects to realize the high-fidelity battery SOE
and runtime prediction; Secondly, a new method to separate the fast and
slow dynamics of the 2nd order RC battery model is developed
and presented with a high-performance accuracy; Thirdly, commercial
Li-ion batteries are tested at dynamic loads with various temperature to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The testing results
show high accuracy and reliability of the proposed electrical battery
model on the estimation of the battery SOE and the terminal voltage
responses under dynamic loads. keywords:
{Batteries;Estimation;Integrated circuit modeling;Load modeling;Power
system dynamics;Predictive models;Vehicle dynamics;Li-ion
battery;battery discharging;electrical model;state of energy;transient
parameters}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7846167&isnumber=7845525
S. Steinhorst, "Design and verification methodologies for Smart Battery Cells," 2016 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC), Singapore, 2016, pp. 1-4. doi: 10.1109/ISICIR.2016.7829706 Abstract:
Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery packs are continuously gaining in
importance in many energy storage applications such as electric vehicles
and smart energy grids. Such battery packs require advanced Battery
Management Systems (BMSs), which are contributions from the embedded
systems and integrated circuits domain. The BMS monitors and controls
the battery cells in a pack and ensures the functionality, efficiency,
safety and reliability of the pack. Conventional BMS designs employ a
centralized controller architecture for the whole battery pack.
Recently, Smart Battery Cells have been proposed which enable a complete
decentralization of the BMS. In Smart Battery Cells, each cell is
equipped with a Cell Management Unit (CMU) which individually manages
the cell it is attached to. By communication with other Smart Battery
Cells, the pack-level functionality of the BMS is provided in a
distributed fashion. While this architecture provides many benefits such
as scalability, minimal integration effort and increased functional
safety, existing design and verification methodologies can neither be
applied on hardware nor on software level. Consequently, this
contribution will discuss how such methodologies for Smart Battery Cells
could be developed and points out which further research contributions
are needed. For this purpose, we address modeling and simulation of
cyberphysical aspects on all abstraction levels and illustrate how
verification approaches can be introduced to this new field of
application. keywords: {battery management systems;lithium
compounds;secondary cells;Li-Ion battery pack reliability;advanced
BMS;advanced battery management system;cell management unit;centralized
controller architecture;energy storage applications;lithium-ion battery
pack;smart battery cell design methodology;smart battery cell
verification methodology;Algorithm design and analysis;Analytical
models;Batteries;Computer architecture;Integrated circuit
modeling;Security}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7829706&isnumber=7829673
G. Barzilai, L. Marcus and G. Weiss, "Energy storage systems — grid connection using synchronverters," 2016 IEEE International Conference on the Science of Electrical Engineering (ICSEE), Eilat, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/ICSEE.2016.7806095 Abstract:
We investigate the design of future energy storage systems by exploring
one particular solution, in simulations. We use Lithium-ion batteries
for storage, a dual active bridge (DAB) for DC to DC conversion and a
synchronverter to transfer energy from the DC bus to the utility grid.
We show how some recent improvements to the synchronverter algorithm can
be combined with a battery management algorithm that will charge or
discharge the batteries to achieve a maximal profit for the operator of
the storage station, while at the same time contributing to the
stability of the grid by providing frequency droop, voltage droop
inertia and fault ride-through. We discuss different open loop and
closed loop control algorithms for the DAB as well as for the overall
system that will further increase its efficiency. We simulate the use of
two DABs, one for the positive DC voltage and one for the negative one,
with a 5KW three-level synchronverter working on the 230V grid.
keywords: {DC-DC power convertors;battery management systems;bridge
circuits;closed loop systems;energy management systems;energy
storage;open loop systems;power grids;power system faults;power system
stability;secondary cells;DAB;DC to DC conversion;battery
charging;battery discharge;battery management algorithm;closed loop
control algorithm;dual active bridge;energy storage systems;energy
transfer;fault ride-through;frequency droop;grid connection;grid
stability;lithium-ion batteries;open loop control algorithm;storage
station;synchronverter algorithm;three-level synchronverter;utility
grid;voltage droop inertia;Batteries;Bridge circuits;Control
systems;Electrical engineering;Inverters;Power system
stability;Synchronverter;droop control;dual active bridge;energy storage
system;model predictive control}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7806095&isnumber=7806027
T.
Vogt, R. Pahl, N. Fröhleke and J. Böcker, "Determination of storage
loss characteristics with reasonable measurement and calculation
effort," 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe), Karlsruhe, 2016, pp. 1-9. doi: 10.1109/EPE.2016.7695689 Abstract:
This paper presents a method how to simply determine the losses of an
energy storage depending on state of charge and actual power. The
proposed method only requires the measurement of electrical quantities
to determine the characteristic map and therefore can be implemented
without need to modify of an existing electrical storage system.
Exemplary results are shown of lithium-ion and lead-acid battery packs.
The losses of the used lead-acid battery pack shows a clear dependency
on the state of charge, mainly a quadratic dependency on the terminal
power and a difference between charge and discharge. The losses of the
used lithium-ion battery packs shows in principle a similar result but
with a much less significant dependency on the state of charge. The
characteristic map of losses is useful to optimize the storage operation
regarding minimal losses whenever a degree of freedom of the choice of
storage power exists, e.g. in an energy management system of a microgrid
for cost savings in the grid-coupled operation and longer back-up time
in the island operation. keywords: {energy management systems;lead
acid batteries;electrical storage system;energy management
system;grid-coupled operation;lead-acid battery;lithium-ion
battery;microgrid;Batteries;Battery charge measurement;Discharges
(electric);Lead;Loss measurement;State of charge;Voltage
measurement;Battery efficiency;Battery losses;Electrical energy
storage;Energy management;Industrial microgrid;Lead-acid
battery;Lithium-ion battery;Open-circuit voltage}, URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7695689&isnumber=7695111
California has seen some heavy rains recently after years of drought, filling many of the state’s reservoirs. The rising waters are evident in this radar image from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite mission over part of the San Joaquin Valley.
water in Kaweah Lake almost up to the road mirroring the hills
The three water bodies pictured here are Lake Kawhea in the upper right, Bravo Lake to its left and Lake Success in the lower right. This image was created by combining two scans from Sentinel-1’s radar on 15 December and 26 January, and assigning each scan a colour. Combined, the colours reveal changes, such as the red colouring in the reservoirs showing the water level increase.
Officials have begun to release water from Lake Success as heavy rains have nearly filled it to capacity, and the outflow is sometimes exceeding the inflow in these days.
The problem of too much water is in stark contrast from the situation in previous years, when drought led to water shutoffs and cutoffs, severely hindering yields in the San Joaquin Valley – a major agricultural region. Major crops include grapes, cotton, nuts and fruits, with productivity relying on irrigation from surface water diversions and groundwater pumping from wells.
Agricultural structures dominate this radar composite image. Like the reservoirs, colours reveal changes between December and January such as vegetation growth or harvests.
Along the right side of the image, we can see the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
Earth from Space is presented by Kelsea Brennan-Wessels from the ESA Web-TV virtual studios. Radar imagery from Sentinel-1 shows us how recent rains in California have increased reservoir water levels in the 218th edition.
Current, powered by GE - YouTube
SAN DIEGO - Mayor Kevin Faulconer Wednesday announced a major expansion of a program in which "smart sensors" are installed on San Diego's street lights to gather and disseminate data on things like traffic, parking availability, public safety and air quality.
The city has partnered with the Boston firm Current, powered by GE to install 3,200 of the "Smartlight Sensors."
San Diego officials call it the largest city-based deployment of an "Internet of Things" platform in the world. The Internet of Things refers to web connectivity in everyday items, such as appliances.
The sensors will send all the data up into a cloud, where it will be free and accessible for app developers to use.
The nodes can use real-time anonymous sensor data to direct drivers to open parking spaces, help first-responders during emergencies, track carbon emissions, and identify intersections that can be improved for pedestrians and cyclists.
Installation is scheduled to begin in July.
Intelligent City Project makes Dollars and Sense
THE CITY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA MINUTES FOR REGULAR COUNCIL MEETING OF Tuesday, December 13, 2016 FISCAL CONSIDERATIONS:
The Intelligent Cities Lighting Project is intended to reduce energy
consumption to General Fund expenditures for energy outdoor lighting. The
lighting project cost including, equipment, installation, and taxes is
expected to be an estimated $30.3 million, to be funded utilizing tax exempt
master lease equipment financing agreement with GE Government Finance, Inc.
The repayment term is 13 years on a fixed interest basis with principal and
interest payments to be paid on a semi-annual basis. As of October 28, 2016,
the interest rate for the 13 years is trending at 1.03%. This is subject to
change and the rate will be set at the time of each funding installment is
scheduled over an 18 month period as the project is implemented.
Based on current interest rate levels and assuming six funding installments
beginning September 2017, the estimated lease payments for the City General
Fund are as follows, FY 2018: $0.5 million, FY 2019: $2.3
million, FY 2020-FY 2030: $2.5 million, FY 2031: $2.0 million, FY
2032: $0.2 million.
All the financing costs to fund the program are anticipated to be
self-supported using a combination of rebates and energy savings. The energy
savings for the Intelligent Cities Lighting Projects for approximately 14,000
lights is $2.4 million annually, with an additional estimated 11,600 MWH
saved annually. An anticipated rebate and incentive of $300,000 from
SDG&E has been budgeted in the Fiscal Year 2017 budget.
San Diego and Jacksonville to begin trials of the software-enabled lighting solution this spring, summer
GE solution uses LED street lights to connect, collect and analyze data to harness the power of the Industrial Internet - optimizing operations and making new connections with residents and
visitors
EAST CLEVELAND, Ohio—April 16, 2015—(NYSE:GE)—Cities on both U.S. coasts will soon begin piloting new GE technology designed to help them become more intelligent and efficient. San Diego, Calif. and Jacksonville, Fla., will both be trialing a new GE LED solution, which uses LED street lighting installations to connect, collect and analyze data being generated, harnessing the power of the Industrial Internet to help their city run better while providing new services and conveniences for residents and visitors.
From high street lighting costs to traffic congestion, parking allotments and emergency response, cities across the world juggle a variety of challenges. GE is developing solutions that will help cities
solve these problems through their existing infrastructure. By repurposing street lights with LEDs containing sensors, controls, wireless transmitters and microprocessors, a city will be able to create
new opportunities for reducing cost, optimizing their operations and creating value-added services for residents, making their cities even more livable and workable.
